Table 2.

Studies describing racial disparities in LDCT screening

Author	Study type	Data source	No. patients	Years studied	Research question/objective	Main finding(s)
Lake et al. (11)	Retrospective, observational	Institutional	675	2015–2017	To explore racial differences in lung cancer screening outcomes, including differences in LDCT rates, follow-up, and cancer diagnoses in patients with positive baseline scans.	• Black individuals had significantly lower odds of receiving LDCT after controlling for individual lung cancer risk factors and neighborhood-level factors. • Black individuals also demonstrated a trend toward delayed follow-up, decreased adherence, and loss to follow-up.
Steiling et al. (12)	Retrospective, observational	Institutional	2,978	2015–2017	To determine institutional screening rate and to identify socioeconomic barriers to lung cancer screening	• Lung cancer screening rate was found to be 16.1%. Patient factors including older age, African American race, and lower median income were associated with not being screening.
Richmond et al. (27)	Retrospective, observational	Institutional	262	2016	Do racial disparities exist in the pattern of LDCT screening at a community hospital?	• Black patients were found to be significantly less likely than white patients to receive LDCT when eligible
Japuntich et al. (28)	Cross-sectional (survey)	Institutional	200	2016	What is the USPSTF eligibility and LDCT screening rate among Black and non-Black patients?	• Black patients were less likely to qualify for screening and disproportionately less likely to be screened for lung cancer compared with non-Black patients.
Sesti et al. (29)	Retrospective, observational analysis of a randomized controlled trial	NLST	14,000	2002–2004	To determine predictors of follow-up after a positive lung cancer screening test	• Black race and current smoking status were associated with lower rates of follow up after positive LDCT test among NLST participants.
Balekian et al. (30)	Retrospective, observational of a randomized controlled trial	NLST	723	2002–2004	To evaluate surgical resection patterns of patients with early stage NSCLC in the NLST and to examine whether racial disparities exist among blacks	• Compared with white men, black men had a 28% lower risk of undergoing surgery. • Among those that underwent surgery, black men had lower odds of receiving a full resection (lobectomy, bilobectomy, or pneumonectomy) compared to white men.

LDCT, low-dose computed tomography; USPSTF, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force; NLST, National Lung Screening Trial; NSCLC, Non-small cell lung cancer.