A-B) RNA-sequencing analysis of human OS (SAOS2) cells after TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml), TGF-β1+ Vactosertib (100 nM) or untreated (UT) for 24 hours. GSEA enrichment plot of Myc target v1 and v2 pathway in TGF-β1 treatment versus untreated and in TGF-β1+ Vactosertib (Vacto) vs TGF-β1. P values is =0.00 and FWER is =0.00 for both analyses. C) mRNA expressions of Myc target genes (ODC1, NOP16, RRP9, NME1, NOLC1, NPM1 and HSPD1) in TGF-β1 or TGF-β1/ Vactosertib (Vacto) treated SAOS2 cells were measured by Realtime PCR (n=3). D) TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml) or TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml)/ Vactosertib (Vacto) (100 nM) were used to treat various OS (SAOS2, M132, K7M2, K7) for 24 hours and c-Myc and β-actin protein expressions were measured by Western blot analysis. E) Volcano plot showing the top 20 regulated genes identified by RNA-seq in TGF-β1/ Vactosertib (Vacto) vs TGF-β1. These genes have P value <0.05 and log2 FC > 0.3 and log2 FC < −0.3. F) Realtime PCR results of gene expressions of PMEPA1, LTBP1, JUNB or IL-11 in UT, TGF-β1 or Vactosertib (Vacto) +TGF-β1 treatment for 24 hours in SAOS2 cells (n=3). ***p<0.001 using a one-way ANOVA analysis followed by post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparison tests.