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. 2023 Apr 14;3(4):e0001823. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001823

Table 4. Multiple logistic regression between sociodemographic, psychological characteristics and support with depression, anxiety and stress among healthcare workers (N = 996).

Variables Depression Anxiety   Stress
Outcome Adjusted OR 95% CI p value Outcome Adjusted OR 95% CI p value Outcome Adjusted OR 95% CI p value
Normal Depression Lower Upper Normal Anxiety Lower Upper Normal Stress Lower Upper
Age < 40 years 611 188         560 239         575 224        
≥ 40 years 164 33 1.637 1.106 2.423 0.014 156 41 1.632 1.141 2.334 0.007 152 45 1.404 0.983 2.007 0.062
Involvement with COVID-19 patients No 270 50       0.011 244 76         257 63       0.003
Direct 202 73 0.630 0.427 0.928 0.019 200 75 0.706 0.503 0.990 0.044 190 85 0.596 0.418 0.849 0.004
Indirect 303 98 1.181 0.820 1.703 0.372 272 129 0.812 0.574 1.149 0.240 280 121 1.129 0.803 1.589 0.484
Are you worried that you will be infected with COVID-19? No 78 26         72 32         70 34        
Yes 697 195 1.295 0.780 2.148 0.317 644 248 1.249 0.784 1.990 0.349 657 235 1.963 1.173 3.284 0.010
Are you afraid that you could infect your family? No 47 7         43 11         45 9        
Yes 728 214 0.538 0.216 1.341 0.183 673 269 0.674 0.311 1.463 0.319 682 260 0.479 0.211 1.087 0.078
Are you worried about the lack of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)? No 77 16         72 21         75 18        
Yes 698 205 0.99 0.531 1.847 0.976 644 259 0.965 0.553 1.685 0.901 652 251 0.802 0.447 1.438 0.459
Do you feel less confident to treat critically ill patients? No 424 90         393 121         400 114        
Yes 351 131 0.657 0.48 0.901 0.009 323 159 0.72 0.542 0.958 0.024 327 155 0.638 0.476 0.856 0.003
In your opinion, in one day, what is the optimal time to work in the current situation? less than 4 hours 58 21 0.698 0.329 1.482 0.350 56 23 1.204 0.600 2.417 0.601 58 21 1.265 0.618 2.587 0.520
4 to 6 hours 200 67 0.777 183 84 0.652 192 75 0.970
6 to 8 hours 395 98 0.867 0.457 1.645 0.662 368 125 1.118 0.603 2.074 0.724 364 129 1.240 0.658 2.334 0.506
8 to 10 hours 102 22 0.749 0.401 1.399 0.365 88 36 0.897 0.491 1.638 0.723 92 32 1.188 0.641 2.202 0.584
more than 10 hours 20 13 0.958 0.440 2.084 0.913 21 12 0.996 0.470 2.111 0.992 21 12 1.153 0.533 2.494 0.717
Do you have the opportunity of time to rest (physically or mentally) during the handling of this COVID-19 outbreak? No 183 80         163 100         168 95        
Yes 592 141 1.546 1.106 2.160 0.011 553 180 1.677 1.233 2.281 0.001 559 174 1.714 1.255 2.340 0.001
Are you satisfied with the hospital’s support for all of you during the handling of this COVID-19 outbreak? No 78 52         77 53                    
Yes 697 169 2.483 1.649 3.739 0.000 639 227 1.831 1.235 2.715 0.003            
Do you need psychological help from the Counseling Unit/ Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health HTAR? No 760 195         702 253         714 241        
Yes 15 26 0.172 0.112 0.264 0.000 14 27 0.224 0.154 0.325 0.000 13 28 0.297 0.202 0.437 0.000