Table 1.

Abbreviated final themes and guidebook for content analysis

	Theme	Brief definition
Positive	Creativity/insight	Any explicit reference to a creative action in the dream or a realization made while dreaming that has an outcome on waking life
	Dream enhancement	Any reference to dreams being enhanced by lucidity, including but not limited to pleasure-seeking, excitement, and vividness
	Nightmare resolution	Any time an explicit connection is made between lucid-dreaming and the reduction of bad dream content
	Positive waking mood	Any reference to lucidity resulting in a positive mood during the day, especially upon awakening in the morning
	Rehearsal	Any reference to the use of lucid dreams as a virtual practice ground for a waking activity
Negative	Lucid dysphoria	Any reference to a dysphoric/bad dream or nightmare where the dreamer is lucid and unable to do anything positive about it
	Poor sleep	Any reference to poor or degraded sleep quality, including that as a result of induction methods and poor sleep leading to lucidity
	Reality confusion	Any expression of being wrong about one’s state of consciousness (excluding typical non-lucid dream misperceptions and sleep paralysis). This includes wake being dream-like and false awakenings
	Sleep paralysis	Any reference to sleep paralysis or related phenomena (e.g. visual or auditory hallucinations, a feeling of weight on the chest)
	Unwanted lucid dreams	Any mention of a user having naturally occurring lucid dreams and not being able to make them stop despite wanting to