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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Child Youth Serv Rev. 2023 Mar 8;148:106906. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.106906

Table 6.

Use of Screening and Assessment Questions among Minor-aged (n=245) and Adult (n=147) Providers: T-tests Results with/without Sex Trafficking Risk Assessment Training (Likert Scale, 1=no clients, 5=all clients)

Questions General M Training M(SD) No Training M(SD) t
Have you been (sex) trafficked?
 Minor Provider* 1.8 1.9(1.1) 1.7(.9) −2.00***
 Adult Provider^ 1.9 2.0(1.2) 1.9(1.2) −.68
Has someone used force, fraud, or coercion to have sexual contact with you?
 Minor Provider 2.2 2.4(1.2) 2.1(1.1) −1.89
 Adult Provider 2.2 2.5(1.4) 2.0(1.3) −2.00***
Did anyone you worked for or lived with trick or force you into doing anything you did not want to do?
 Minor Provider 2.1 2.3(1.3) 2.0(1.0) −2.27***
 Adult Provider 2.1 2.3(1.3) 2.0(1.2) −1.33
Did anyone ever pressure you to touch another person or have any unwanted physical or sexual contact with another person?
 Minor Provider 2.3 2.5(1.3) 2.2(1.1) −2.13***
 Adult Provider 2.1 2.3(1.4) 2.0(1.3) −1.39
Did you ever have sex for things of value (for example: drugs, money, housing, food, gifts, or favors)?
 Minor Provider 2.0 2.3(1.2) 1.8(.9) −3.80*
 Adult Provider 2.0 2.1(1.2) 1.9(1.2) −.86
Did anyone ever force you to do something sexually that you didn’t feel comfortable doing?
 Minor Provider 2.5 2.8(1.2) 2.3(1.1) −3.50*
 Adult Provider 2.4 2.7(1.5) 2.2(1.2) −2.18***
Did anyone ever put your photo on the Internet to find clients to trade sex with?
 Minor Provider 1.5 1.6(1.0) 1.4(.8) −2.04***
 Adult Provider 1.6 1.7(1.0) 1.6(1.0) −.58
Have you ever put your own photo on the Internet to find clients to trade sex with?
 Minor Provider 1.5 1.7(1.1) 1.4(.8) −2.96**
 Adult Provider 1.6 1.7(1.0) 1.5(1.0) −1.16
Did anyone ever force you to engage in sexual acts with family, friends, or business associates for money or favors?
 Minor Provider 1.9 2.1(1.2) 1.7(.9) −2.93**
 Adult Provider 2.0 2.2(1.3) 1.9(1.2) −1.41
Did anyone ever encourage or pressure you to do sexual acts or have sex, including taking sexual photos or videos?
 Minor Provider 2.1 2.3(1.2) 2.0(.9) −2.69**
 Adult Provider 2.0 2.2(1.4) 1.8(1.1) −2.00
Did anyone ever force you to trade sex for money, shelter, food or anything else through online websites, escort services, street prostitution, informal arrangements, brothels, fake massage businesses, or strip clubs?
 Minor Provider 1.7 2.0(1.3) 1.6(.9) −2.80**
 Adult Provider 1.8 2.0(1.2) 1.8(1.1) −1.11

Notes:

*

p<.001

**

p<.01

***

p<.05

+

Among minor-aged providers (n=245), 91 received sex trafficking assessment training (variable 3), and 154 did not.

^

Among adult-aged providers (n=147), 54 received sex trafficking assessment training (variable 3), and 93 did not.

Training variable signifies sex trafficking training that addressed sex trafficking risk assessment questions and strategies (training variable 3).