Table 1. Characteristics of selected studies included in the systematic review and meta-analysis ( N  = 44) .

Sl no.	Author/year	Study design	Study duration	Setting	Location	Sample size	Age group (y)	STH%					Technique
								AL	TT	HW	Double inf	Triple inf
1	Narain et al/2000 25	Cross sectional	1996–1998	Village	Dibrugarh, Assam	168	0–10	–	26.8	–			Formalin—ether concentration
2	Subba and Singh/2020 12	Cross sectional	Jan 2016–Dec 2016	School children	East Sikkim	300	5–18	3	0.3	Nil			Saline and Iodine mount, formalin ether concentration
3	Devi/2009 15	Cross sectional	Feb 2008–Sep 2008	School children	Dibrugarh, Assam	1029	5–13	63	19	1.7			Direct smear and formalin ether concentration
4	Wani and Ahmad/2009 26	Cross sectional	April 2007–Oct 2007	School children	Pulwama, Jammu & Kashmir	199	5–14	69.8	31.6	Nil			Direct smear and zinc sulphate floatation concentration
5	Wani and Amin/2016 27	Cross sectional	May 2013–Nov 2013	School children	Shopian, Jammu & Kashmir	352	4–15	71.8	26.4	Nil			Direct smear and zinc sulphate floatation concentration
6	Wani et al/2008 (a) 28	Cross sectional	May 2006–Nov 2006	School children	Anantnag, Baramulla, Budgam, Kupwara, Pulwama, and Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir	382	5–15	63	54	Nil	39.26		Direct smear and zinc sulphate floatation concentration
7	Lone et al/2011 29	Cross sectional	May 2009–Nov 2009	School children	Budgam, Jammu & Kashmir	396	3–14	54.9	32.5	Nil			Formalin ether concentration, Kato-Katz smear
8	Wani et al/2007 (a) 30	Cross sectional	April 2006–Oct 2006	School children	Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir	514	5–14	28.4	4.9	Nil			Direct smear and zinc sulphate floatation concentration & stall egg counting technique
9	Wani et al/2008 (b) 31	Cross sectional	March 2007–Nov 2007	Children from rural and urban areas	Anantnag, Baramulla, Budgam, Kupwara, Pulwama, and Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir	2256	0–15	68.3	27.9	NIL	1.8	–	Direct smear and zinc sulphate floatation concentration
10	Wani et al /2010 32	Cross sectional	July 2008 – October 2008	School children	Gurez valley, Bandipora, Jammu & Kashmir	352	1–15	71.8	26.4	Nil			Simple smear and Kato-Katz thick smear
11	Wani et al/2007(b) 33	Cross sectional			Kupwara, Jammu & Kashmir	312	4–15	69.23	30.76	Nil	22.1		Direct smear and zinc sulphate floatation concentration
12	Das et al/2019 9	Cross sectional	Aug 2016–Sep 2016	Children from ICDS center	Darjeeling, West Bengal	52	0.5–6	7.7	1.9	Nil			Direct smear and zinc sulfate floatation and formalin-ether concentration
13	Chowdhury et al/1968 14	Cross sectional	1961–1963	Rural area	Kolkata, West Bengal	261	0–15	–	–	80			Direct smear and salt flotation
14	Nawalinski et al/1978 34	Cross sectional	March 1969–Dec 1970	Rural area	Kolkata, West Bengal	4078	1–11	14	1.8	68.3			Martin-Beaver modification of the Kato-Katz thick-smear
15	Greenland et al/2015 16	Cross sectional	Jan2011–Feb 2011	School children	Araria, Aurangabad, Muzaffarpur and Gopalganj, Bihar	1157	4–17	52	5	42	26.7	1.8	Modified Kato-Katz
16	Mahapatra et al/2020 17	Cross sectional	May 2015–Oct 2015	Slum children	Bhubaneswar, Odisha	360	3–15	5.8	Nil	10.5	3.05		Direct smear and Kato-Katz
17	Bora et al/2006 35	Cross sectional	Aug 2005	Hilly area children	Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand	257	9–10	28.8	1.9	5.1	4.3		Modified Kato-Katz
18	Bansal et al/2018 18	Cross sectional		School children	Rishikesh, Uttarakhand	461	<10	0.8	Nil	2.1			Concentration by saturated salt Solution and saline & iodine mount
19	Awasthi et al/1997 36	Cross sectional	Jan1995–July 1995	Children from anganwadi centers	Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh	1040	1.5-3.5	11.9	–	–			Direct smear examination
20	Ganguly et al/2017 10	Cross sectional	May 2015–August 2015	School children	Uttar Pradesh	6421	<15	69.6	4.6	22.6	8.1	0.07	Double Kato-Katz
21	Bisht et al /2011 37	Cross sectional	June 2008–Dec 2009	Community children	Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh	335	1–14	2.3	1.8	1.2			Saline and Lugol iodine wet mount and formalin ether concentration
22	Awasthi et al/2008 23	Cross sectional		Rural area	Sant Ravidas Nagar, Uttar Pradesh and Khunti, Jharkhand	909	0.5–2	32.1	2.6	3.9			Formalin—ether concentration.
23	Yunus et al/1979 24	Cross sectional	1977	School children	Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh	59	5–15	8.5	Nil	11.9			Direct smear examination
24	Chandi et al /2018 38	Cross sectional		School children	Durg, Chhattisgarh	250	6–15	19.2	Nil	10.3			Saline and iodine wet mount, formalin ether concentration
25	Ranjan et al/2015 39	Cross sectional	Nov 2012–Jan 2013	School children	Delhi	347	5–15	8.1	3.7	3.7			Kato-Katz technique
26	DattaBanik et al/1978 40	Cross sectional	1977	Preschool children of slum area	Delhi	2493	0–5	8.4	1.4	2.7			Direct smear
27	Gupta et al /2020 19	Cross sectional	Jan 2016–Dec 2016	Community children	Delhi	250	6–14	54.4	4.8	Nil	4.4		Kato-Katz technique
28	Dhaka et al/2020 41	Cross sectional		school children	Rohtak, Haryana	300	6–10	14	Nil	5			Direct smear
29	Tripathi et al/2014 42	Cross sectional	July 2013–August 2013	School children	Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh	300	6–12	9.84	–	4.92			Direct smear examination
30	Choubisa et al/2012 43	Cross sectional	Oct 2011–Sept 2011	Bhil tribe	Udaipur, Rajasthan	120	0–15	5.8	Nil	1.6			Formalin ether concentration
31	Shobha et al/2013 20	Cross sectional	Feb 2008–Dec 2008	Urban slum dweller	Gujarat	518	1–14	2.5	Nil	Nil			Formalin ether concentration
32	Lakhani et al /2012 44	Cross sectional	June2013–Oct 2013	School children	Vadodra, Gujarat	140	6–12	3.6	0.7	2.1			Formalin ether concentration
33	Naish et al/2004 11	Cross sectional	Dec 1997–Dec 1998	School children	Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh	204	5–9	91	72	54			Modified formalin ether sedimentation
34	Paul et al/1999 45	Cross sectional	1993–1994	School children	Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh	217	7–13	73	66	9	50.7	8	Formalin ethyl acetate sedimentation
35	Rangaiahagari et al/2013 46	Cross sectional	June 2006–August 2006	School children	Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh	208	5–13	2.9	1.4	5.2	0.96		Formalin ether concentration
36	Aher and Kulkarni /2011 47	Cross sectional		School children	Ahemednagar, Maharashtra	624	6–12	1.9		0.9			Saline and Lugol iodine wet mount
37	Anbumani et al/2011 48	Cross sectional	Jan 2008	School children	Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu	358	5–10	38.8	13.9	Nil	10		Direct microscopy and saturated sodium chloride floatation
38	Elkins /1984 49	Cross sectional		Different social community	Chennai, Tamil Nadu	491	1–12	60.3	62.3	30.5			Merthiolate iodine formaldehyde Conc Tech, Quant Stoll egg counting technique
39	Kattula et al/2014 50	Case–control	December 2008–August 2009	School children	Vellore, Tamil Nadu	3706	6–14	1.2	0.8	6.3			Saline and iodine wet preparation, match master egg counting screening
40	Gopalakrishnan et al/2018 51	Cross sectional	January 2017–March 2017	School children	Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu	250	13–18	3.2	Nil	4.4			Direct microscopic examination
41	Christu Rajan et al /2020 13	Cross-sectional	Nov 2015–July 2015	School children	Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu	610	5–14	6.9	0.7	0.2			Saline wet mount and iodine wet mount, formalin ether sedimentation
42	Ragunathan et al/2010 21	Cross-sectional	March2006–Sept 2006	School children	Puducherry	1172	5–10	17.5	5.4	12.5	1.8	0.3	Saline and iodine wet preparation, formalin ether sedimentation, Hirada Mori
43	Golia /2014 52	Cross-sectional	June 2003–Sept 2013	School children	Bangalore, Karnataka	258	6–12	8.1	5.4	1.2			saline and iodine wet mounts, formalin ether sedimentation
44	Panda et al/2012 22	Cross-sectional	Dec 2008–Jan 2009	School children	Bangalore, Karnataka	124	6–9	–	–	4.8			Saline and iodine wet mount

Abbreviations: AL, Ascaris lumbricoides ; HW, hookworm; TT, Trichuris trichiura ; STH, soil-transmitted helminths.