Table 2. Risk factors associated with STH.
| Variables | Number of articles | Odds ratio (95% CI) | I 2 (%); p -value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Males vs. females | 10 | 1.14 (0.88–1.46) | 78; 0.001 |
| Open latrine vs. sanitary latrine | 7 | 5.2 (1.35–20.16) | 97.9; 0.001 |
| Hand washing after defecation with water only vs. with soap and water | 6 | 2.49 (1.51–4.12) | 92.3; 0.001 |
| SES lower vs. SES upper and middle | 4 | 1.01 (0.74–1.38) | 41.1; 0.165 |
| Mother education below primary/illiterate vs. above primary | 4 | 1.07 (0.77–1.47) | 72.6; 0.012 |
| Walking barefoot vs. walking with footwear | 4 | 1.73 (0.92–3.28) | 61.1; 0.052 |
| Recent deworming negative to recent deworming done | 4 | 1.41 (0.87–2.28) | 72.1; 0.013 |
| Nails untrimmed vs. trimmed | 3 | 1.52 (0.43–5.45) | 82.5; 0.003 |
| Flooring earthen vs. cemented | 3 | 2.02 (1.33–3.06) | 60.2; 0.08 |
| Religion: Hindu vs. other religions | 3 | 1.27 (0.65–2.47) | 82.2; 0.004 |
| Poor hand wash habits vs. good hand wash | 3 | 1.55 (0.61–3.92) | 92.1; 0.001 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; SES, socioeconomic status; STH, soil-transmitted helminths.