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. 2023 Apr 14;9:61. doi: 10.1038/s41531-023-00495-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — A Graphical user interface for the manual rating of speech feature impairments using audio_tokens. When hovered-over with the mouse, colored circles play speech samples from separate patients with Parkinson’s disease (each represented by a different color), allowing for interactive and comparative rating (i.e., by clicking and sliding the circles horizontally) of impairments in each speech feature. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) indicate reliability of speech ratings across three independent raters. B Significant linear relationships between voice, articulation, and prosody impairments and two common clinical scales in Parkinson’s disease: the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III (i.e., UPDRS-III, minus speech sub-scores) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). All models controlled for age. Shaded intervals represent the 95% confidence interval.