. 2023 Feb 14;30(17):49779–49797. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-25661-x

Table 2.

Effect of MSG on the average increase in maternal body weight gain (g), fetus length and weight, placental weight, and fetus morphology and skeleton at the 19th days of gestation

Parameters	Control	Treated
Parameters	Control	Low dose	High dose
Initial body weight	204 ± 2.0 ^a	204.00 ± 1.9^a	209.22 ± 6.7^a
Final body weight	227 ± 1.5^b	247.6 ± 8.0^a	253 ± 7.5^a
Maternal body weight gain	23 ± 1.6 ^b	43.6 ± 7.2^a	43.78 ± 6.7^a
% of body weight gain	12 ± 1.0 ^b	21.45 ± 3.4^a	21.5 ± 3.6^a
Total number of mother	10	10	10
Total number of fetuses	87 ^a	55^b	34^c
Mean number/dam	8.7 ± 0.27^a	5.5 ± 0.26^b	3.4 ± 0.23^c
Fetus length	3.70 ± 0.048^a	3.44 ± 0.056^b	3.31 ± 0.067^b
Fetus weight	4.53 ± 0.12^a	3.76 ± 0.079^b	3.62 ± 0.12^b
Placental weight	0.65 ± 0.022^a	0.51 ± 0.017^b	0.47 ± 0.008^b
kinky tail	0^a	4 (7.27%) ^b	9 (26.47%) ^c
Clubbed forelimbs	0^a	3 (5.45%)^b	11 (32.35%)^c
Soft skin	0^a	8(14.5%)^b	20 (58.8%)^c
Skeletal defects	0^a	9(16.36%)^b	34 (100%)^c

Data represent the mean value ± S.E. from10 rat/group. Mean values with different superscript letters within the same row are significantly different at P ≤ 0.05 using ANOVA followed by the Duncan’s multiple comparison test