Table 5.
Study subjects without PFO: LA echocardiogram analysis
| Patients (N = 22) | Controls (N = 30) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| LA basic measurements | |||
| LA diameter (mm), mean(SD) | 36.0(4.9) | 34.0(5.2) | p = 0.204 |
| LA area (cm2), mean(SD) | 20.0(4.3) | 18.0(3.9) | p = 0.123 |
| LA volume (ml/m2), mean(SD) | 29.9(8.5) | 27.5(7.6) | p = 0.274 |
| LA appendage | |||
| LAA ostium maximum (mm), mean(SD) | 15.1(3.5) | 16.2(2.9) | p = 0.235 |
| LAA ostium minimum (mm), mean(SD) | 8.3(2.8) | 7.6(2.0) | p = 0.291 |
| LAA ostium variation (mm), mean(SD) | 6.9(2.2) | 8.6(1.8) | p = 0.003 |
| LAA ostium relative variation (%), mean(SD) | 46.0(11.0) | 53.1(8.0) | p = 0.005 |
| LA volumetry | |||
| LA minimum volume (ml/m2), median (IQR) | 12.7(6.3) | 13.2(7.8) | p = 0.833 |
| LA maximum volume (ml/m2), mean(SD) | 27.4(5.6) | 26.9(10.4) | p = 0.950 |
| LA mid-diastolic volume (ml/m2), median (IQR) | 19.0(6.1) | 17.2(6.6) | p = 0.774 |
| LA late-diastolic volume (ml/m2), mean(SD) | 19.8(6.7) | 19.0(7.3) | p = 0.786 |
| LA reservoir volume (ml/m2), mean(SD) | 8.8(2.9) | 9.3(4.7) | p = 0.851 |
| LA stroke volume (ml/m2), median (IQR) | 4.9(4.0) | 4.9(3.2) | p = 0.688 |
| LA ejection fraction (%), mean(SD) | 28.6(13.5) | 26.7(14.4) | p = 0.848 |
| LA cyclic volume change (ml/m2), mean(SD) | 13.7(5.0) | 12.7(7.6) | p = 0.655 |
| LA conduit volume (ml/m2), mean(SD) | 11.7(10.6) | 11.1(15.8) | p = 0.256 |
| LA passive emptying (%), mean(SD) | 31.7(10.7) | 34.2(13.6) | p = 0.782 |
| LA strain/myocardial deformation analysis (4-chamber and 2-chamber) | |||
| LASR (%), median (IQR) | 41.0(14.4) | 38.0(12.6) | p = 0.08 |
| LASCD (%), median (IQR) | − 20.0(11.9) | − 23.0(11.7) | p = 0.210 |
| LASCD (%), mean (SD) | − 19.0(5.5) | − 17.0(4.2) | p = 0.100 |
Statistically significant results are shown in bold
IQR Interquartile range, LA left atrium, LAA left atrium appendage, LAcd-LA longitudinal strain conduct, LASr-LA longitudinal strain reservoir, LASct-LA longitudinal strain contraction, SD standard deviation