(A) The relentless increase in the incidence of cancer during the period 1975–2040. The projections show what could happen in the future without some changes in healthcare practices arising from an increase in our understandings of the disease [8]. From Bluethmann SM, Mariotto AB, Rowland JH. Anticipating the “Silver Tsunami”: Prevalence and trajectories and comorbidity burden among older cancer survivors in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2016:25:1029–1036. Reproduced by permission of American Association for Cancer Research. (B) Incidence of asthma, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, Chron's disease, celiac disease and other autoimmune diseases have tripled or quadrupled in recent times [9]. Illustration is from New England Journal of Medicine, Jean François Bach, Review Article, Mechanisms of Disease, The Effect of Infections on Susceptibility to Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, Volume 347, No. 12, pages 911–920, Copyright © 2002, Massachusetts Medical Society. Reproduced by permission of The New England Journal of Medicine/Massachusetts Medical Society.