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Heart rate response at rest and during exercise testing in obese individuals with (n = 32) and without (n = 37) CI. Differences in heart rate response were tested using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA. A Bonferroni post hoc comparison test was performed when the between-subjects factor was statistically significant. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05. ANOVA = analysis of variance; bpm = beats per minute; CI = chronotropic incompetence.
