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Study design and sample collection. (a) Flow diagram of surgical procedures and sample collection. Reprinted (with minor changes) with permission from Martinez et al.2 (b) Total number of veins and AVFs collected for RNA isolation per maturation outcome and number of patients selected for bulk RNA sequencing after applying RNA quality control inclusion criteria (both preaccess vein and AVF sample with RNA integrity score > 5). AVF, arteriovenous fistula; QC, quality control.
