Table 1.
Cases of prior and current pressure control cam displacements reported in patients with the Codman-Hakim programmable valve shunt system.
| Author | Age (years)/Gender at presentation | Time from placement to symptoms | Mechanism of displacement | Symptoms | Time from mechanism to symptoms | Ventricular size at presentation | Valve replacement | Crack atop plastic housing | Valve inspection findings | Postop radiographic findings | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Okazaki et al. [9] | 7 (M) | 7 | Blow behind right ear over valve | Positional headache | 2 days | Slit like ventricles | Yes | Yes | Pressure control cam out of plastic valve housing | None reported | Resolution of symptoms |
| Watanabe et al. [8] | 57 (F) | 8 | Valve adjustment | Worsening of chronic headache and nausea | Few days | Slit like ventricles | Yes | Yes | Pressure control cam displaced distally | CTH showing resolution of slit ventricles | |
| Kim et al. [7] | 72 (F) | 9 | Completion of 3T MRI | Postural headache, neck pain, nausea | Several hours | Decreased ventricular size | Yes | Yes | Pressure control cam displaced distally | CTH showing resolution of decreased ventricle size | |
| Castillo et al. | 8 (F) | 8 | Completion of 3T MRI | None | N/A | Not preformed | Yes, to MPV | No | Not reported | Not performed |
3T MRI, 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging; CTH, commuted tomography of the head; F, female; M, male; MPV, medium pressure valve; N/A, not applicable.