Table. Descriptive Characteristics of Patients Delivering in the Healthcare System Overall and Stratified by Race Categories.
| Characteristic | Patients, No. (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n = 37 860) | Black (n = 6061) | White (n = 28 797) | Other (n = 3002)a | |
| Age at delivery, y | ||||
| <19 | 545 (1) | 196 (3) | 328 (1) | 21 (1) |
| 19-25 | 8223 (22) | 2189 (36) | 5601 (19) | 433 (14) |
| 26-34 | 21 423 (57) | 2862 (47) | 16 765 (58) | 1796 (60) |
| ≥35 | 7669 (20) | 814 (13) | 6103 (21) | 752 (25) |
| Hispanic or Latina/x ethnicity | 874 (2) | 67 (1) | 611 (2) | 196 (7) |
| Parityb | 31 397 (83) | 5079 (84) | 23 878 (83) | 2439 (81) |
| Not marriedc | 19 104 (50) | 5234 (86) | 12 984 (45) | 886 (30) |
| Substance use history in 12 mo before delivery | ||||
| Anyd | 4100 (11) | 1288 (21) | 2723 (9) | 89 (3) |
| Cannabis | 2488 (7) | 1112 (19) | 1337 (5) | 39 (1) |
| Opioids | 1213 (3) | 97 (2) | 1095 (4) | 21 (1) |
| Stimulants | 461 (1) | 106 (2) | 347 (1) | 8 (<1) |
| Alcohol | 187 (<1) | 68 (1) | 117 (<1) | 2 (<1) |
| Tobaccod | 5767 (15) | 1427 (24) | 4229 (15) | 111 (4) |
| Other urine toxicology criteriae | ||||
| Few prenatal care visitsf | 11 115 (29) | 1878 (31) | 8287 (29) | 950 (32) |
| Stillbirth | 223 (<1) | 56 (1) | 155 (1) | 12 (<1) |
| Placental abruption | 664 (2) | 150 (2) | 461 (2) | 53 (2) |
| UTT administered at delivery | 4636 (12) | 1526 (25) | 2973 (10) | 137 (5) |
| Positive UTT result | 2199 (47) | 610 (40) | 1547 (52) | 42 (31) |
Abbreviation: UTT, urine toxicology testing.
a
Other races include Alaska Native, American Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Guam/Chamorro Hawaiian, Indian, Japanese, Korean, Other Asian/Pacific Islander, Samoan, and Vietnamese.
b
Indicates having any previous birth.
c
At any time in pregnancy.
d
Identified in medical record at any time during the year prior to delivery through the delivery.
e
In the health care system, these additional events would trigger a UTT in the absence of a history of substance use.
f
Less than 4 prenatal care visits, or prenatal care initiation after 27 weeks gestation.