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. 2023 Apr 15;4(6):e452–e460. doi: 10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00042-3

Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of study population

Participants (N=600)
Sex
Female 313 (52%)
Male 287 (48%)
Age, years 40 (29–54)
Known exposure to COVID-19 case 2 weeks before symptom onset 174 (29%)
Disease severity at study entry*
Not ill 0
Mildly ill 533 (89%)
Moderately ill 67 (11%)
Gravely ill 0
Smoking status
Current 32 (5%)
Former 178 (30%)
Never routine 390 (65%)
Chest radiography results
No abnormalities 63 (11%)
Abnormalities present 302 (50%)
Data not available 235 (39%)
Comorbidities
Cardiovascular disease 37 (6%)
Asthma 26 (4%)
Other chronic respiratory condition 5 (1%)
Diabetes 23 (4%)
Known HIV infection 6 (1%)
Chronic kidney disease 2 (<1%)
Current cancer 2 (<1%)
Symptom positivity
Breathing difficulties 230 (38%)
Cough 565 (94%)
Cough for less than 2 weeks 407 (68%)
Cough for 2 weeks or longer 158 (26%)
Fatigue 448 (75%)
Fever 343 (57%)
General malaise 509 (85%)
Headache 518 (86%)
Loss of smell 106 (18%)
Loss of taste 100 (17%)
Muscle pain 481 (80%)
Sore throat 523 (87%)
Thoracic pain 427 (71%)

Data are n (%) and median (IQR).

*

Disease severity definitions are as follows: not ill refers to healthy and strong impression throughout examination; mildly ill refers to ability to carry out routine activities but symptomatic (eg, fatigue or cough) upon careful inspection; moderately ill refers to some impairment of activities (ie, visibly ill to a lay person, still ambulatory and mostly self-sufficient, but clearly symptomatic); and gravely ill refers to inability to carry out usual activities, visibly distressed, and requires hospitalisation.