TABLE 3. Prevalence of resistance for the 8 selected bug-drug combinations before (March 2018–July 2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020–July 2021), stratified by type of specimen, in 31 tertiary hospitals in Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
|
Drug-bug combination |
Before pandemic |
During pandemic |
P-value* |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Bacterial isolates |
Resistant isolates |
Bacterial isolates |
Resistant isolates |
|||||
|
N |
n |
(%) |
N |
n |
(%) |
|
||
|
S. aureus, methicillin-resistant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All specimens |
1 602 |
660 |
(42) |
1 228 |
476 |
(39) |
0.082 |
|
|
Blood |
1 365 |
571 |
(42) |
1 035 |
407 |
(39) |
0.085 |
|
|
Respiratory |
217 |
69 |
(32) |
172 |
48 |
(28) |
0.080 |
|
|
CSF |
20 |
20 |
(100) |
26 |
21 |
(81) |
0.060 |
|
|
K. pneumoniae, ESBL-producing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All specimens |
2 967 |
957 |
(32) |
5 219 |
1 238 |
(24) |
<0.001 |
|
|
Blood |
2 569 |
852 |
(33) |
4 233 |
1 052 |
(25) |
<0.001 |
|
|
Respiratory |
369 |
97 |
(26) |
966 |
183 |
(19) |
0.048 |
|
|
CSF |
29 |
8 |
(28) |
20 |
3 |
(15) |
0.033 |
|
|
K. pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All specimens |
3 043 |
116 |
(4) |
5 396 |
119 |
(2) |
<0.001 |
|
|
Blood |
2 631 |
103 |
(4) |
4 383 |
103 |
(2) |
<0.001 |
|
|
Respiratory |
383 |
8 |
(2) |
993 |
15 |
(2) |
0.555 |
|
|
CSF |
29 |
5 |
(17) |
20 |
1 |
(5) |
<0.001 |
|
|
E. coli, ESBL-producing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All specimens |
2 748 |
294 |
(11) |
3 478 |
321 |
(9) |
0.054 |
|
|
Blood |
2 635 |
275 |
(10) |
3 283 |
291 |
(9) |
0.050 |
|
|
Respiratory |
91 |
19 |
(21) |
179 |
27 |
(15) |
0.046 |
|
|
CSF |
22 |
0 |
(0) |
16 |
3 |
(19) |
-- |
|
|
E. coli, carbapenem-resistant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All specimens |
2 851 |
5 |
(<1) |
3 919 |
6 |
(<1) |
0.926 |
|
|
Blood |
2 735 |
3 |
(<1) |
3 421 |
6 |
(<1) |
0.900 |
|
|
Respiratory |
94 |
2 |
(2) |
182 |
0 |
(0) |
-- |
|
|
CSF |
22 |
0 |
(0) |
16 |
0 |
(0) |
-- |
|
|
P. aeruginosa, carbapenem-resistant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All specimens |
1 972 |
234 |
(12) |
3 022 |
251 |
(8) |
<0.001 |
|
|
Blood |
1 442 |
155 |
(11) |
2 066 |
186 |
(9) |
<0.001 |
|
|
Respiratory |
513 |
74 |
(14) |
946 |
65 |
(7) |
<0.001 |
|
|
CSF |
17 |
5 |
(29) |
11 |
0 |
(0) |
-- |
|
|
A. baumannii, carbapenem-resistant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All specimens |
230 |
52 |
(23) |
284 |
28 |
(9) |
<0.001 |
|
|
Blood |
196 |
46 |
(23) |
235 |
25 |
(12) |
<0.001 |
|
|
Respiratory |
27 |
4 |
(15) |
48 |
2 |
(4) |
<0.001 |
|
|
CSF |
7 |
2 |
(29) |
1 |
1 |
(100) |
-- |
|
|
E. faecium, vancomycin-resistant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All specimens |
76 |
32 |
(42) |
182 |
103 |
(57) |
0.034 |
|
|
Blood |
71 |
29 |
(41) |
178 |
101 |
(57) |
0.038 |
|
|
Respiratory |
2 |
2 |
(100) |
3 |
1 |
(33) |
-- |
|
|
CSF |
3 |
1 |
(33) |
1 |
1 |
(100) |
-- |
|
Notes: * Z-test for two proportions; ESBL, extended spectrum beta lactamase – resistant to ceftriaxone, cefepime, and piperacillin/tazobactam; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; --, not applicable.
Source: Prepared by the authors based on the study data.