Fig. 5.

Cytokine Signaling Cascade in PCOS. TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α, RTK receptor tyrosine kinase, IL interleukin, FSH follicle-stimulating hormone, LH luteinizing hormone, Iκκα inhibitory κB-kinase alpha, NF-κβ nuclear factor-κβ, IκB inhibitory-κB, IFN-γ interferon-γ, AR aromatase enzyme, A androgens, E estrogens, TGFβ transforming growth factor β, NOS nitric oxide synthase