Table 2.
Rural:urban incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for a range of outcomes for three rurality classifications; total NZ population
| UREP | UA | GCH | ||||
| Rural:urban IRR | Rural:urban IRR | Rural:urban IRR | ||||
| Est. | 95% CI | Est. | 95% CI | Est. | 95% CI | |
| Mortality (2013–2017) | ||||||
| All cause | 0.67 | (0.66 to 0.68) | 0.92 | (0.91 to 0.94) | 1.21 | (1.19 to 1.22) |
| CVD | 0.61 | (0.60 to 0.63) | 0.89 | (0.87 to 0.91) | 1.22 | (1.19 to 1.24) |
| Cancer | 0.84 | (0.81 to 0.86) | 1.08 | (1.06 to 1.10) | 1.31 | (1.28 to 1.34) |
| Injury | 1.15 | (1.09 to 1.22) | 1.24 | (1.19 to 1.30) | 1.40 | (1.34 to 1.47) |
| Amenable (<75 years) | 1.04 | (1.01 to 1.08) | 1.22 | (1.19 to 1.25) | 1.43 | (1.39 to 1.47) |
| Hospitalisations (2015–2019) | ||||||
| Episodes of care | ||||||
| All cause | 0.79 | (0.79 to 0.79) | 0.93 | (0.93 to 0.93) | 0.97 | (0.97 to 0.98) |
| CVD | 0.79 | (0.78 to 0.80) | 1.00 | (0.99 to 1.01) | 1.13 | (1.13 to 1.14) |
| Cancer | 0.94 | (0.93 to 0.95) | 1.16 | (1.15 to 1.17) | 1.25 | (1.24 to 1.26) |
| Mental and behavioural disorders | 0.54 | (0.53 to 0.55) | 0.69 | (0.68 to 0.70) | 0.85 | (0.84 to 0.87) |
| Paediatric (<15 years) | 0.75 | (0.74 to 0.75) | 0.82 | (0.82 to 0.83) | 0.83 | (0.82 to 0.83) |
| Ambulatory sensitive hospitalisations (<75 years) | 0.73 | (0.72 to 0.73) | 0.88 | (0.87 to 0.88) | 0.90 | (0.89 to 0.90) |
| All operations/procedures | 0.88 | (0.88 to 0.88) | 1.02 | (1.02 to 1.02) | 1.06 | (1.05 to 1.06) |
| Non-admitted patient events (2015–2019) | ||||||
| Outpatients | ||||||
| All specialist outpatients | ||||||
| First | 0.88 | (0.88 to 0.89) | 1.12 | (1.12 to 1.12) | 1.35 | (1.35 to 1.35) |
| Follow-up | 0.78 | (0.78 to 0.78) | 0.98 | (0.98 to 0.98) | 1.11 | (1.11 to 1.12) |
| Subspecialty outpatients | ||||||
| First | 0.80 | (0.80 to 0.81) | 0.93 | (0.93 to 0.94) | 1.05 | (1.04 to 1.05) |
| Follow-up | 0.77 | (0.77 to 0.78) | 0.90 | (0.90 to 0.90) | 0.95 | (0.95 to 0.95) |
| Emergency department | ||||||
| All attendances | 0.80 | (0.79 to 0.80) | 0.93 | (0.93 to 0.93) | 1.09 | (1.09 to 1.09) |
CVD, cardiovascular disease; GCH, geographic classification for health; NZ, New Zealand; UA, urban accessibility; UREP, urban rural experimental profile.