Fig. 1.

Study 1: one-step revaluation task learning phase. Participants played a one-step revaluation task where two actions could each lead to three possible states. Depicted here is the learning phase wherein participants were instructed to take an action (pressing either 1 or 0), and observe to which of three possible states (each denoted by an emotionally-neutral image) their action led. Each action led to each of the three images with different probabilities. The red arrows above symbolize transitions from action 1, and blue arrows from action 0. The thick arrow indicates the common transition, occurring 5/10 times (per action), the middle-thickness dashed arrow indicates the uncommon transition, occurring 3/10 times, and the thinnest dashed arrows the rarest transitions, occurring 2/10 times. Participants chose each action 10 times, and saw an ‘irrelevant’ image of either neutral or emotional valence presented before the outcome state. The instructions clarified these additional images were irrelevant and should be ignored. Irrelevant images were displayed for 500 msec. Analyses revealed a lack of a role of these irrelevant images on the relationship between psychopathology and state transition learning.