Table 1:

Baseline characteristics by duration of diabetic retinopathy (DR) at end of follow-up.^a,b

	No DR (N=267)	DR ≤5 years (N=92)	DR >5 years (N=177)	Overall (N=536)
Age at initial entry to risk set (years)
Median	76	75	74	75
Interquartile Range	71–81	72–80	71–78	71–80
Female sex -- no. (%)	134 (50%)	53 (58%)	100 (56%)	287 (54%)
Race -- no. (%)
White	228 (85%)	79 (86%)	141 (80%)	448 (84%)
Black	17 (6%)	5 (5%)	15 (8%)	37 (7%)
Asian	11 (4%)	4 (4%)	10 (6%)	25 (5%)
American Indian or Alaskan Native	1 (0%)	1 (1%)	0 (0%)	2 (0%)
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Other, Including Mixed	10 (4%)	3 (3%)	11 (6%)	24 (4%)
Hispanic -- no. (%)	6 (2%)	1 (1%)	3 (2%)	10 (2%)
Degree beyond high school at ACT entry -- no. (%)	109 (41%)	35 (38%)	61 (34%)	205 (38%)
APOE ε4 allele carrier -- no. (%)	57 (21%)	27 (29%)	42 (24%)	126 (24%)
Smoking status at start of follow-up -- no. (%)
Current smoker	5 (2%)	2 (2%)	8 (5%)	15 (3%)
Former smoker	134 (50%)	47 (51%)	85 (48%)	266 (50%)
Never smoked	128 (48%)	43 (47%)	84 (47%)	255 (48%)
Cohort -- no. (%)
Original: enrolled 1994–1996	133 (50%)	51 (55%)	85 (48%)	269 (50%)
Expansion: enrolled 2000–2003	48 (18%)	14 (15%)	39 (22%)	101 (19%)
Replacement: enrolled 2004 onward	86 (32%)	27 (29%)	53 (30%)	166 (31%)
DR duration at start of follow-up – no. (%)
None	267 (100%)	61 (66%)	46 (26%)	374 (70%)
DR ≤5 years	0 (0%)	31 (34%)	74 (42%)	105 (20%)
DR >5 years	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	57 (32%)	57 (11%)

^aSee Supplemental Figure 1 for counts of individuals removed due to missing data.

^bBaseline here was defined as either each participant’s baseline ACT study visit or the first time of a second fill of diabetic medications within a year, whichever occurred later.

ACT, Adult Changes in Thought