Fig. 3. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in myocardial infarction (MI). (a) Network of lncRNA-microRNA (miRNA)-messenger RNA (mRNA): the orange box represents lncRNAs; the purple box represents miRNAs; the green box represents mRNAs. (b) Nine lncRNAs (including ANRIL, FGD5-AS1, H19, HOTAIR, MALAT1, MIAT, TTTY15, TUG1, and XIST) have more than one direct target miRNAs, which play crucial roles in the development and process of MI. (c) Network of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axes in MI: the pink box represents circRNAs; the purple box represents miRNAs; the green box represents mRNAs. N/A: not available; NLRP3: nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; NLRC5: NLR family CARD domain containing 5; Mfn1: mitofusin 1; EIF4G2: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 γ2; HMGB1: high mobility group box 1; EGR2: early growth response 2; JAK2: Janus kinase 2; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; Bcl2: B-cell lymphoma-2; Bak1: Bcl2 antagonist/killer 1; PDK1: pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; MAGI3: membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 3; Mst1: macrophage stimulating 1; TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4; NF-κB: nuclear factor-κB; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; AKT: protein kinase B; MEK: MAP kinase-ERK kinase; ERK: extracellular regulated MAP kinase; PTAFR: platelet-activating factor receptor; RASA1: RAS p21 protein activator 1; CRP: C-reactive protein; MAPK6: mitogen-activated protein kinase 6; Binp3: Bcl2-interacting protein 3; CTGF: connective tissue growth factor; HDAC3: histone deacetylase 3; HMGB1: high mobility group box 1; Rac1: Rac family small GTPase 1; HSP70: heat shock protein 70; PAK2: p21 (RAC1)-activated kinase 2; RORA: RAR-related orphan receptor A; TRAF3: tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 3; Ptgs2: prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2; Mtfr1: mitochondrial fission regulator 1; KDM3A: lysine demethylase 3A; FN1: fibronectin 1; MMP2: matrix metallopeptidase 2; SRSF1: serine and arginine rich splicing factor 1; ATG12: autophagy related 12; TNRC6A: trinucleotide repeat containing adaptor 6A; CDC42: cell division cycle 42; JMJD6: jumonji domain-containing 6; MALAT1: metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1; MCM3AP-AS1: MCM3AP antisense RNA 1; MEG3: maternally expressed 3; MIAT: myocardial infarction-associated transcript; MiR4435-2HG: MIR4435-2 host gene; MiRt2: myocardial infraction-associated transcript 2; NORAD: non-coding RNA-activated by DNA damage; Oip5-as1: OIP5 antisense RNA 1; Oprm1: opioid receptor mu 1; RMRP: RNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease; RMST: rhabdomyosarcoma 2-associated transcript; SNHG7: small nucleolar RNA host gene 7; TTTY15: testis-specific transcript, Y-linked 15; TUG1: taurine up-regulated 1; UCA1: urothelial cancer associated 1; ZFAS1: ZNFX1 antisense RNA 1; XIST: X-inactive specific transcript; CASC2: cancer susceptibility 2; DANCR: differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA; FAF: fundus autofluorescence; FGD5-AS1: FGD5 antisense RNA 1; HOTAIR: HOX transcript antisense RNA; HOTTIP: HOXA transcript at the distal tip; HULC: highly up-regulated in liver cancer; KCNQ1OT1: potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 opposite strand 1.
