Table 1.

Glossary

Concept	Definition
Contextual controllability	The extent to which a context or environment allows an agent to exert control; exists in both nonsocial and social contexts
Perceived controllability	An agent’s estimation (i.e., internal model) of how much control or influence they could have; exists in both nonsocial and social contexts
Social controllability	The degree to which an agent’s actions can alter or influence other people (i.e., their actions, outcomes, beliefs, etc.) to achieve desired outcomes
Computational modeling	A mathematical formalization that characterizes or predicts a behavior or cognitive process, defined by parameters that vary across the population
Reinforcement learning	Learning behaviors that become optimized by maximizing expected outcomes or goals
Model-free (MF) learning	Trial-and-error learning that updates cached values of choices that become associated with a stimulus
Model-based (MB) learning	Learning that involves mental simulation of future states and representations of potential state transitions and outcomes (i.e., forming a cognitive map)
Cognitive map	A mental representation (“map”) of both spatial and non-spatial elements of the environment that depends on relational learning