Table 2.
Perioperative outcomes of MIPD.
| MIPD | LPD | RPD | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, n | 114 | 39 | 75 | |
| Operative time, min | 302 (266–361) | 307 (274–370) | 298 (263–360) | 0.45 |
| Blood loss, mL | 100 (0–200) | 100 (0–300) | 100 (0–200) | 0.89 |
| Procedure | 0.79 | |||
| PPPD | 96 (84.2%) | 32 (82.1%) | 64 (85.3%) | |
| Whipple | 18 (15.8%) | 7 (17.9%) | 11 (14.7%) | |
| Harvested lymph node, n | 15.5 ± 9.7 | 17.3 ± 13.3 | 14.6 ± 7.2 | 0.25 |
| Open conversion | 5 (4.4%) | 3 (7.7%) | 2 | 0.34 |
| CD grade | 0.70 | |||
| 0 | 55 (48.2%) | 16 (41%) | 39 (52%) | |
| I | 10 (8.8%) | 5 (12.8%) | 5 (6.7%) | |
| II | 27 (23.7%) | 10 (25.6%) | 17 (22.7%) | |
| IIIa | 13 (11.4%) | 4 (10.3%) | 9 (12%) | |
| IIIb | 1 (0.9%) | 1 (2.6%) | 0 | |
| IVa | 5 (4.4%) | 2 (5.1%) | 3 (4%) | |
| IVb | 2 (1.8%) | 1 (2.6%) | 1 (1.3%) | |
| V | 1 (0.9%) | 0 | 1 (1.3%) | |
| Major complication, CD ≧ III | 23 (20.2%) | 8 (20.5%) | 15 (20%) | > 0.99 |
| DGE, grade B + C | 13 (11.4%) | 4 (10.3%) | 9 (12%) | > 0.99 |
| PPH, grade B + C | 13 (11.4%) | 4 (10.3%) | 8 (10.7%) | > 0.99 |
| POPF | 0.35 | |||
| Biochemical | 43 (37.7%) | 11 (28.2%) | 32 (42.7%) | |
| B | 20 (17.5%) | 9 (23.1%) | 11 (14.7%) | |
| C | 1 (0.9%) | 0 | 1 (1.3%) | |
| Bile leak | 8 (7%) | 3 (7.7%) | 5 (6.7%) | > 0.99 |
| Fluid collection | 19 (16.7%) | 6 (15.4%) | 13 (17.3%) | > 0.99 |
| Wound infection | 14 (12.3%) | 5 (12.8%) | 9 (12%) | > 0.99 |
| Reoperation | 2 (1.8%) | 1 (2.6%) | 1 (1.3%) | > 0.99 |
| Hospital stay, days | 15 (12–23) | 15 (12–23) | 15 (11–23) | 0.31 |
| Re-admission | 10 (8.8%) | 1 (2.6%) | 6 (8%) | 0.67 |
PPPD pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, CD Clavien–Dindo, DGE delayed gastric emptying, PPH postpancreatectomy hemorrhage, POPF postoperative pancreatic fistula.