Table 1.
Food group and dietary intake of National Health and Nutrition Survey, the global reference of the Planetary Health Diet and diet gap.
| Planetary health diet (PHD) | Japan National Health and Nutrition Surveyb | DG (%)e | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food group | Global reference (g/day)a | Food groups | Food items | Intake (g/day)c | |
| Whole grains | N.A. | – | – | N.A. | N.A. |
| Tubers or starchy vegetables | 38 (0, 77) | Potatoes | Potatoes, potato products, processed starch | 50 (67) | 131 |
| Vegetables | 230 (153, 459) | Vegetables, mushrooms, and seaweeds | Green and yellow and other vegetables, vegetable juice, salted or pickled in vegetables, mushrooms, and seaweeds | 309d (180) | 134 |
| Fruits | 153 (77, 230) | Fruits | Fresh fruit, jam, fruit juice | 100 (129) | 65 |
| Dairy foods | 191 (0, 383) | Diary (milk and dairy products, other milk products) | Milk, cheese, and yogurt, other dairy products, other milks | 111 (141) | 58 |
| Beef, lamb, and pork | 11 (0, 21) | Meat (livestock) | Beef, pork, ham and sausages, other meats | 69 (68) | 640 |
| Chicken and other poultry | 22 (0, 44) | Meat (poultry) | chicken, other poultry | 31 (56) | 139 |
| Eggs | 10 (0, 19) | Eggs | Eggs | 41 (39) | 416 |
| Fish | 21 (0, 77) | Fish and shellfish | Raw fish and shellfish, fish, and shellfish products | 69 (72) | 319 |
| Legumes | 57 (0, 77) | Beans | Soybeans and soy products and other products of legumes | 65 (81) | 112 |
| Nuts | 38 (0, 57) | Seeds and nuts | – | 2.7 (10) | 7.1 |
| Unsaturated oils | 31 (15, 61) | Oils and fats | Margarine, vegetable oils Butter, animal fats |
10d | 33 |
| Saturated oils | 9.0 (0, 9.0) | 1.4d | 15 | ||
| Added sugars | 24 (0, 24) | Sugars and sweeteners | – | 6.5 (9.0) | 27 |
PHD, planetary health diet; DG, diet gap; N.A., not available. aAverage macronutrient intake and possible range of each food group for the 2,500 kcal/day in the PHD was converted by a total energy intake of 1,915 kcal/day in the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2019. bFood groups in the Japan National Health and Nutrition Survey as referenced by the National Health and Nutrition Survey. cAverage (standard deviation) dietary intake was referenced by the NHNS 2019. dAverage (standard deviation) was 281 (176) in vegetables, 18 (31) in mushrooms, 11 (21) in seaweeds, 1.1 (3.4) in margarine, 8.9 (9.0) in vegetable oils, 1.2 (3.4) in butter, and 0.2 (1.3) in animal fats. eDG (%) = (NHNS dietary intake (g/day)/the PHD macronutrient intake (g/day)) * 100.