Table 2.
New progress of hydrogel scaffolds.
| Research purpose | Innovation | Results | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Model with fibrous matrix and blood vessels | The embedded gel was prepared by combining type I collagen and fibrin | The model can be used to study tumor-matrix interactions in HCC | (37) |
| Multicellular heterogeneous spheres | Hanging drop method, co-culture of HCC matrix and fibroblasts, encapsulation of collagen gel, | The model is much closer to ECM | (38) |
| Novel hydrogel scaffolds | HA3P50 scaffold based on hyaluronic acid and poly (methylethylene ether-Alt-maleic acid) | HepG2 cells were protected from the damaging response on 2D medium | (39) |
| New tumor microsphere model | Biosynthesis of PEG-fibrinogen gels | Similar in size and shape to tumors in vivo | (40) |
| New 3D culture platform | Gelatin and alginate complement each other, PEGDA incorporation controls cross-linking density | A 3D alginate culture platform whose pore size can be changed artificially was made | (35) |
| Alginate gel microarray | Alginate gel micropores were prepared by electrodeposition of alginate gel on ITO electrodes. | HepG2 spheres were successfully prepared | (41) |
| Porous alginate beads | Dual aqueous emulsion, controllable pore size, good biocompatibility, can directly encapsulate cells | The activity, proliferation of investigated cells were increased | (42) |
| Peptide hydrogel | Max8β was used as hydrogel to form nanofibrils through hydrophobic collapse and hydrogen bonding | Custom hydrogels for porosity, permeability and mechanical stability | (43) |
| Soluble gelatin based cell carrier | Temperature sensitive gelatin microspheres were mixed with alginate saline gel as cell carriers. | A new platform was developed for drug testing and oncology | (44) |
| New gel sphere | Halo-linked 3D microgels of HA-MA and GelMA in air were prepared on superhydrophobic surfaces. | The shape, size and cell number of the microtumor can be easily controlled. | (45) |
| New gel matrix | The basement membrane extract was gelatinized with Matrigel to form a new matrix | Better mimic a single tumor in the body | (46) |
| New alginate hybrid gel beads | Acellular liver matrix and alginate constitute new hybrid gel beads | HCCLM3 cells showed higher cell viability and metastatic potential | (34) |
| Hydrogel microarray | Application of optical crosslinking technology in micro machining and micro forming. | Produce custom size tumor microspheres | (47) |
| New Liquid Marble Culture Platform | It forms integrates hydrogel components, replaces liquid with hydrogel and removes hydrophobic shell | The liver specific function and DNA content of HM globules increased after long-term culture | (48) |
| New hydrogel | Magnetic hydrogels were prepared by combining the assembly of magnetic nanoparticles | Enhances cell-cell interactions and promotes spontaneous formation of multicellular spheres | (49) |
| New hydrogel | The copolymer reversibly gelatinized in aqueous and redissolved without degrading the synthetic scaffolds | A temperature responsive hydrogel was developed | (50) |
| 3D culture and drug resistance system | The resistance of HepG2 cells to Bio-Pa NPs was detected in 2D and 3D cultures, respectively | HepG2 cells in 3D hydrogels were more resistant to Bio-Pa NPs treatment | (51) |
| New hydrogel | Low temperature CMCH hydrogel solution gelatinizes rapidly at 37°C | Hydrogels promote cell survival and proliferation, and have good biocompatibility | (52) |