Table 1.
Clinical data of the study population.
| Medical information mart for intensive care IV v2.2 database (training set) | eICU Collaborative research database (test set) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total, n | 11,156 | 9,837 | |
| Age [mean (SD)] | 72.97 (13.62) | 70.66 (13.64) | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 6,238 (55.9) | 5,210 (53.0) | <0.001 |
| BMI [mean (SD)] | 28.92 (6.62) | 29.65 (7.27) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 4,493 (40.3) | 4,016 (40.8) | 0.425 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 8,610 (77.2) | 6,533 (66.4) | <0.001 |
| Severe_liver_disease, n (%) | 320 (2.9) | 129 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| COPD, n (%) | 2,274 (20.4) | 2,009 (20.4) | 0.958 |
| Myocardial_infarct, n (%) | 3,667 (32.9) | 1,700 (17.3) | <0.001 |
| SOFA [mean (SD)] | 5.83 (3.62) | 5.51 (3.06) | <0.001 |
| APS III [mean (SD)] | 51.90 (22.52) | 47.44 (22.70) | <0.001 |
| Heart rate [mean (SD)] | 88.24 (20.31) | 91.26 (22.86) | <0.001 |
| Respiratory rate [mean (SD)] | 19.84 (6.19) | 22.03 (6.60) | <0.001 |
| SpO2 [mean (SD)] | 96.58 (4.29) | 95.17 (6.65) | <0.001 |
| MBP [mean (SD)] | 80.47 (18.78) | 85.59 (21.91) | <0.001 |
| WBC [mean (SD)] | 12.37 (8.67) | 11.52 (6.46) | <0.001 |
| Hematocrit [mean (SD)] | 33.00 (7.14) | 35.74 (7.26) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin [mean (SD)] | 10.71 (2.38) | 11.57 (2.44) | <0.001 |
| Platelets [mean (SD)] | 215.44 (106.62) | 226.82 (105.98) | <0.001 |
| RBC [mean (SD)] | 3.62 (0.82) | 3.96 (0.83) | <0.001 |
| MCH [mean (SD)] | 29.77 (2.77) | 29.34 (2.92) | <0.001 |
| MCV [mean (SD)] | 91.77 (7.34) | 90.69 (7.75) | <0.001 |
| MCHC [mean (SD)] | 32.46 (1.71) | 32.34 (1.57) | <0.001 |
| RDW [mean (SD)] | 15.42 (2.32) | 16.06 (2.49) | <0.001 |
| Basophils [mean (SD)] | 0.03 (0.04) | 0.07 (0.08) | <0.001 |
| Eosinophils [mean (SD)] | 0.11 (0.24) | 0.19 (0.30) | <0.001 |
| Lymphocytes [mean (SD)] | 1.57 (4.45) | 1.52 (2.49) | 0.323 |
| Monocytes [mean (SD)] | 0.65 (0.69) | 0.83 (0.64) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophils [mean (SD)] | 10.11 (6.21) | 8.81 (5.32) | <0.001 |
| Albumin [mean (SD)] | 3.27 (0.61) | 3.18 (0.61) | <0.001 |
| ALT [mean (SD)] | 83.68 (333.33) | 71.36 (327.86) | 0.007 |
| AST [mean (SD)] | 129.44 (596.34) | 91.44 (444.39) | <0.001 |
| ALP [mean (SD)] | 109.72 (104.02) | 110.85 (86.86) | 0.399 |
| Total bilirubin [mean (SD)] | 1.06 (1.92) | 0.93 (1.09) | <0.001 |
| BUN [mean (SD)] | 33.95 (24.96) | 35.06 (23.96) | 0.001 |
| Creatinine [mean (SD)] | 1.74 (1.68) | 1.96 (1.93) | <0.001 |
| Glucose [mean (SD)] | 154.98 (89.08) | 163.11 (93.86) | <0.001 |
| Sodium [mean (SD)] | 137.96 (5.41) | 137.05 (5.47) | <0.001 |
| Calcium [mean (SD)] | 8.50 (1.08) | 8.75 (0.79) | <0.001 |
| Chloride [mean (SD)] | 102.13 (6.97) | 100.65 (6.64) | <0.001 |
| Potassium [mean (SD)] | 4.41 (0.86) | 4.34 (0.81) | <0.001 |
| Aniongap [mean (SD)] | 15.74 (4.72) | 11.75 (5.00) | <0.001 |
| Bicarbonate [mean (SD)] | 23.57 (5.22) | 25.82 (5.85) | <0.001 |
| INR [mean (SD)] | 1.66 (1.26) | 1.68 (1.17) | 0.185 |
| PT [mean (SD)] | 18.02 (12.72) | 18.79 (11.96) | <0.001 |
| PTT [mean (SD)] | 40.47 (26.22) | 36.92 (18.51) | <0.001 |
| CRRT [mean (SD)] | 0.06 (0.23) | 0.07 (0.25) | 0.001 |
| Dopamine, n (%) | 507 (4.5) | 294 (3.0) | <0.001 |
| Norepinephrine, n (%) | 2,436 (21.8) | 1,027 (10.4) | <0.001 |
| Dobutamine, n (%) | 317 (2.8) | 327 (3.3) | 0.047 |
| Phenylephrine, n (%) | 2,102 (18.8) | 252 (2.6) | <0.001 |
| Epinephrine, n (%) | 956 (8.6) | 111 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| Vasopressin, n (%) | 622 (5.6) | 184 (1.9) | <0.001 |
| Milrinone, n (%) | 382 (3.4) | 211 (2.1) | <0.001 |
| Blocker, n (%) | 5,953 (53.4) | 1,788 (18.2) | <0.001 |
| ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 515 (4.6) | 453 (4.6) | 0.007 |
| Furosemide, n (%) | 5,517 (49.5) | 2,507 (25.5) | <0.001 |
| Ventilation, n (%) | 4,379 (39.3) | 4,567 (46.4) | <0.001 |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 1,484 (13.3) | 1,319 (13.4) | 0.837 |
BMI, body mass index; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; APS III, acute physiology score III scores; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; AECI/ARB, angiotensin converting enzyme I/Angiotensin II receptor blocker; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; WBC, white blood cell count; RBC, red blood cells count; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin content; MHC, mean hemoglobin concentration; RDW, red blood cell distribution width; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BUN, urea nitrogen; INR, international normalized ratio; PTT, thromboplastin time; PT, prothrombin time.