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. 2023 Apr 3;10:1095160. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1095160

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Copyright © 2023 Jerez-Bogota, Jensen, Højberg, Cormican, Lawlor, Gardiner and Canibe.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of postweaning enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) F18 challenge and dietary supplementation with plant combinations on fecal shedding the est-II gene encoding the heat-stabile toxin Stb (gene copies/g feces). (Top panel) Lines represent trends for each group, shaded regions are 95% confidence intervals The ETEC F18 was administered orally on days 1 and 2. (Bottom panel) Pairwise comparisons against PC; significant differences exist where the 95% empirical Bayesian simultaneous confidence interval does not cover 0 (green shade). NC, non-challenge, standard diet (n = 8); PC, challenged, standard diet (0–7 d, n = 8; 7–21 d, n = 7); GA, challenged, garlic + apple pomace (3 +3%; 0–7 d, n = 8; 7–21 d, n = 6); GB, challenged, garlic + blackcurrant (3 + 3%; n = 8).