Table 2.

Identification and specific operations of various variables.

Variable	Index	Measure
Dependent variable	Well-being	Poor = 1, below-average = 2, average = 3, above-average = 4 excellent = 5
Independent variable	Parents' time spent with children	Refers to activities that involve accompanying children in all aspects of life and study.
Control variable	Age	7–16
	Gender	Male = 0, female = 1
	Area	Urban = 0, rural = 1
	Nation	Others = 0, The Han nationality = 1
	Family income	Total income of family members
	Physical condition	Poor = 1, below-average = 2, average = 3, above-average = 4, and excellent = 5
	Sleep quality	Poor = 1, below-average = 2, average = 3, above-average = 4, and excellent = 5
	Academic performance	Poor, below-average and average = 0, above-average and excellent = 1