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. 2023 Apr 3;14:1096128. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1096128

Table 4.

Results of regressing the time parents spend with children on children's well-being.

Regression coefficients Margins
Poor Below-average Average Above average Excellent
Parents' time spent with children 0.1020*** −0.0004 −0.0021** −0.0168*** 0.0031* 0.0162***
(2.88) (−1.27) (−2.19) (−2.89) (1.79) (2.93)
Gender −0.1520 0.0006 0.0031 0.0250 −0.0046 −0.0240
(−0.87) (0.79) (0.87) (0.87) (−0.83) (−0.87)
Age −0.6920** 0.0027 0.0141* 0.1130** −0.0210* −0.1090**
(−2.45) (1.19) (1.91) (2.49) (−1.68) (−2.48)
Age2 0.0302** −0.0001 −0.0006* −0.0050** 0.0009* 0.0048**
(2.52) (−1.21) (−1.95) (−2.57) (1.70) (2.56)
Nation 0.1730 −0.0007 −0.0035 −0.0283 0.0052 0.0273
(0.63) (−0.58) (−0.63) (−0.63) (0.62) (0.63)
Areas 0.3620 −0.0014 −0.0074 −0.0593 0.0110 0.0572
(1.53) (−1.01) (−1.42) (−1.55) (1.32) (1.54)
Family income 0.0895* −0.0003 −0.0018 −0.0147* 0.0027 0.0141*
(1.91) (−1.13) (−1.56) (−1.95) (1.48) (1.93)
Physical condition 0.6060*** −0.0023 −0.0124*** −0.0993*** 0.0184** 0.0957***
(4.47) (−1.33) (−2.72) (−4.80) (2.35) (4.39)
Sleep quality 0.3200*** −0.0012 −0.0066** −0.0525*** 0.0097* 0.0506***
(2.70) (−1.27) (−2.13) (−2.74) (1.88) (2.69)
Academic performance 0.3730** −0.0014 −0.0076* −0.0611** 0.0113 0.0589**
(2.07) (−1.19) (−1.79) (−2.07) (1.58) (2.07)
N 515

t-statistics in parentheses: *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.