TABLE 1.
Effect of salsalate treatment on serum parameters in Wistar control and prediabetic HHTg rats.
| Wistar | Wistar + SAL | HHTg | HHTg + SAL | PS | PT | PI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 3.8 ± 0.2* | 5.5 ± 0.1$$$ | 5.2 ± 0.1# | 0.001 | 0.01 | n.s. |
| Non-fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 7.0 ± 0.2 | 6.7 ± 0.1 | 8.3 ± 0.2$$$ | 7.8 ± 0.2# | 0.001 | 0.05 | n.s. |
| Insulin (nmol/L) | 0.46 ± 0.06 | 0.16 ± 0.01*** | 0.24 ± 0.02$$$ | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Glucagon (pg/mL) | 371 ± 44 | 184 ± 10*** | 165 ± 9$$$ | 150 ± 5 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| HMW adiponectin (µg/mL) | 2.87 ± 0.11 | 2.51 ± 0.15 | 2.54 ± 0.16 | 2.29 ± 0.16 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
| TAG (mmol/L) | 1.19 ± 0.05 | 0.88 ± 0.08 | 5.71 ± 0.18$$$ | 2.24 ± 0.12### | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.32 ± 0.07 | 1.17 ± 0.06 | 1.52 ± 0.03$ | 1.25 ± 0.04### | 0.05 | 0.001 | n.s. |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.06 ± 0.06 | 0.94 ± 0.07 | 0.75 ± 0.02$$$ | 0.81 ± 0.04 | 0.001 | n.s. | n.s. |
| NEFA (mmol/L) | 0.30 ± 0.08 | 0.28 ± 0.05 | 0.50 ± 0.02$ | 0.47 ± 0.04 | 0.001 | n.s. | n.s. |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 7.29 ± 0.42 | 5.50 ± 0.61* | 11.37 ± 0.24$$$ | 11.28 ± 0.49 | 0.001 | n.s. | n.s. |
| MCP-1 (ng/mL) | 283 ± 17 | 219 ± 25* | 244 ± 21 | 174 ± 10# | 0.05 | 0.01 | n.s. |
| TNFα (pg/mL) | 2.02 ± 0.13 | 1.77 ± 0.07 | 3.75 ± 0.16$$$ | 2.82 ± 0.06### | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.01 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 9.35 ± 1.83 | 8.41 ± 1.51 | 12.67 ± 1.05 | 9.72 ± 0.62 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
| hs CRP (μg/mL) | 247 ± 27 | 282 ± 17 | 230 ± 17 | 254 ± 18 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
| ALT (μkat/L) | 1.05 ± 0.20 | 1.11 ± 0.04 | 1.16 ± 0.13 | 1.22 ± 0.07 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
| AST (μkat/L) | 2.43 ± 0.16 | 2.72 ± 0.51 | 2.38 ± 0.21 | 2.84 ± 0.04 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Two-way ANOVA results: PS denotes the significance of Wistar vs. HHTg (strain effects), PT denotes the significance of salsalate (treatment effects); PI denotes the significance of salsalate in both strains (treatment vs. strain interaction). For multiple comparisons Fisher’s LSD post hoc test was used; * denotes significance reflecting the effect of Wistar vs. Wistar + SAL, # denotes significance reflecting the effect of HHTg vs. HHTg + SAL, $ denotes significance reflecting the effect of Wistar vs. HHTg, n.s. denotes not significant; *p˂0.05, ***p˂0.001; # p˂0.05, ### p < 0.001; $ p˂0.05, $$$ p˂0.001. Data are mean ± SEM; n = 8 for each group. HHTg, hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats; TAG, triacylglycerols; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein; TNFα–tumor necrosis factor α; IL-6, interleukin-6; hs CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.