Table 2.
Demographic data and scores of SMSE in different groups.
| Items | n (%) | Scores or mean rank | Z | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family care | High | 454 (75.5) | 169.00 (152.00, 182.00)a | 6.565 | * |
| Low | 146 (24.3) | 152.00 (133.00, 170.00)a | |||
| Depression or not | Yes | 110 (18.3) | 152.00 (127.00, 170.00)a | 6.166 | * |
| No | 491 (81.7) | 168.00 (151.00, 180.00)a | |||
| Age group | >80 | 255 (42.4) | 172.00 (156.00, 184.00)a | 4.995 | * |
| ≤80 | 346 (57.6) | 161.00 (143.00, 176.00)a | |||
| Native or not | Yes | 303 (50.4) | 164.00 (144.00, 178.00)a | 2.352 | 0.019 |
| No | 296 (49.3) | 168.00 (149.25, 182.75)a | |||
| Religious or not | Yes | 54 (9.0) | 172.50 (159.00, 181.25)a | 2.131 | 0.033 |
| No | 543 (90.3) | 165.00 (147.00, 178.00)a | |||
| Gender | Male | 257 (42.8) | 164.00 (143.50, 178.00)a | 1.538 | 0.124 |
| Female | 344 (57.2) | 168.00 (149.00, 180.00)a | |||
| Living alone or not | Yes | 164 (27.3) | 165.50 (143.00, 178.75)a | 0.684 | 0.494 |
| No | 435 (72.4) | 167.00 (148.00, 179.00)a | |||
| Have a spouse or not | Yes | 374 (62.2) | 167.00 (147.00, 178.00)a | 0.315 | 0.753 |
| No | 227 (37.8) | 166.00 (148.00, 179.00)a | |||
| Survey sites | Community A | 139 (23.1) | 266.23b | 41.088 | * |
| Community B | 95 (15.8) | 289.18b | |||
| Hospital A | 100 (16.6) | 330.64b | |||
| Hospital B | 86 (14.3) | 257.03b | |||
| Nursing home A | 44 (7.3) | 403.00b | |||
| Nursing home B | 137 (22.8) | 338.48b | |||
| Family functions | Good | 454 (75.5) | 327.42b | 45.894 | * |
| Moderate dysfunction | 99 (16.5) | 226.13b | |||
| Severe dysfunction | 47 (7.8) | 197.14b | |||
| Loneliness | Seldom | 473 (78.7) | 320.03b | 29.184 | * |
| A few days | 59 (9.8) | 241.92b | |||
| Half the time | 26 (4.3) | 259.52b | |||
| Always | 43 (7.2) | 197.83b | |||
| Anxiety | Always | 63 (10.5) | 339.97b | 45.328 | * |
| Occasionally | 201 (33.4) | 266.70b | |||
| Never | 337 (56.1) | 201.96b | |||
| Views on life | Very imperfect | 8 (1.3) | 21.69b | 154.135 | * |
| A little imperfect | 42 (7.0) | 132.27b | |||
| Ordinary | 152 (25.3) | 229.20b | |||
| Perfect | 272 (45.3) | 322.43b | |||
| Very perfect | 124 (20.6) | 418.52b | |||
| Disease burden# | No | 335 (55.7) | 279.07b | 28.055 | * |
| A little | 96 (16.0) | 231.90b | |||
| Moderate | 36 (6.0) | 193.57b | |||
| Heavy | 36 (6.0) | 185.31b | |||
| Very heavy | 8 (1.3) | 223.12b | |||
| Medical insurance | Self-paying | 24 (4.0) | 231.42b | 27.748 | * |
| Medical insurance | 353 (58.7) | 275.39b | |||
| Government insurance | 223 (37.1) | 347.68b | |||
| Life satisfaction | Very dissatisfied | 5 (0.8) | 127.30b | 80.018 | * |
| Dissatisfied | 27 (4.5) | 192.80b | |||
| Moderate | 83 (13.8) | 237.48b | |||
| Satisfied | 314 (52.2) | 278.80b | |||
| Very satisfied | 171 (28.5) | 393.00b | |||
| Personality | Very pessimistic | 3 (0.5) | 86.00b | 85.693 | * |
| Pessimistic | 21 (3.5) | 158.62b | |||
| Ordinary | 185 (30.8) | 235.84b | |||
| Optimistic | 276 (45.9) | 314.68b | |||
| Very optimistic | 115 (19.1) | 401.99b | |||
| Degree of self-care | Self-care | 476 (79.2) | 304.38b | 2.235 | 0.327 |
| Partly self-care | 118 (19.6) | 292.56b | |||
| Cannot self-care | 7 (1.2) | 213.57b | |||
| Physical health | Very bad | 29 (4.8) | 206.48b | 25.640 | * |
| Bad | 127 (21.1) | 266.93b | |||
| Moderate | 252 (41.9) | 298.25b | |||
| Good | 176 (29.3) | 336.10b | |||
| Very good | 17 (2.8) | 394.18b | |||
| Economic status | Comfortable income | 177 (29.5) | 362.68b | 58.582 | * |
| Roughly enough | 223 (37.1) | 310.12b | |||
| Moderate | 154 (25.6) | 251.58b | |||
| A little difficult | 31 (5.2) | 176.65b | |||
| Very difficult | 15 (2.5) | 181.93b | |||
| Monthly income | ≤1,000 | 49 (8.2) | 178.01b | 49.309 | * |
| 1,001–3,000 | 76 (12.6) | 248.84b | |||
| 3,001–5,000 | 231 (38.4) | 294.08b | |||
| ≥5,000 | 244 (40.6) | 347.27b | |||
| Previous occupation | Manual labor | 177 (29.5) | 240.30b | 39.473 | * |
| Mental labor | 391 (65.1) | 332.38b | |||
| No | 31 (5.2) | 232.53b | |||
| Educational attainment | No schooling | 35 (5.8) | 267.53b | 21.337 | * |
| Primary school | 107 (17.8) | 268.75b | |||
| Technical secondary school/ junior high school | 204 (33.9) | 283.68b | |||
| Senior high school | 98 (16.3) | 302.54b | |||
| Junior college | 83 (13.8) | 362.86b | |||
| Bachelor or above | 74 (12.3) | 340.07b | |||
#Older adults with chronic diseases were surveyed; aScore; bMean rank; *P < 0.01.