Table 3.

Using Cox proportional hazard model to evaluate the risk of all-cause deaths in dementia patients with atrial fibrillation.

Variables	Non-AF history (N = 6,716)		With AF history (N = 1,679)
	Multivariable model: Hazard ratio (95% CI)*	P-value	Multivariable model: Hazard ratio (95% CI)*	P-value
Age at baseline (years)	1.150 (1.143–1.157)	<0.001	1.165 (1.148–1.182)	<0.001
Sex: male	1.947 (1.648–2.301)	<0.001	2.079 (1.498–2.886)	<0.001
CHA2DS2-VASc	1.556 (1.340–1.808)	<0.001	1.728 (1.291–2.313)	<0.001
AF duration (years)	Na	Na	1.001 (0.983–1.020)	0.88
Underlying diseases
Hypertension	1.938 (1.631–2.304)	<0.001	0.923 (0.787–1.013)	0.09
Congestive heart failure	0.771 (0.566–1.050)	0.10	1.095 (1.003–1.196)	0.038
Diabetes mellitus	1.770 (1.466–2.141)	<0.001	1.341 (1.212–1.483)	<0.001
Chronic kidney disease	1.204 (0.945–1.534)	0.13	1.697 (1.375–2.003)	<0.001
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	0.914 (0.774–1.080)	0.29	1.043 (0.798–1.363)	0.76
Prior stroke	0.985 (0.904–1.072)	0.72	1.332 (1.215–1.453)	<0.001
Coronary artery disease	0.398 (0.149–1.060)	0.07	0.973 (0.812–1.164)	0.53
Receiving AF ablation	Na	Na	0.705 (0.388–1.277)	0.23
Medication uses
Anti-arrhythmic drugs	0.872 (0.720–1.057)	0.16	0.927 (0.853–0.990)	0.029
Beta-blocks	1.012 (0.927–1.104)	0.79	1.141 (0.969–1.343)	0.11
Novel oral anticoagulants	1.026 (0.861–1.233)	0.73	0.868 (0.798–0.923)	<0.001
Warfarin	14.80 (0.961–228.3)	0.053	1.011 (0.993–1.021)	0.88

AF, atrial fibrillation; CI, confidence interval; N, number; Na, not available; HR, hazard ratio.

^*Multivariable adjustment in the full model, including: age, sex, CHA₂DS₂-VASc, AF duration (years), underlying diseases provided in this table, status of AF ablation, and medication uses of beta-blockers, antiarrhythmic drugs, novel oral anticoagulants, and warfarin.