Table 4.
Using fine-gray sub-distribution hazard model to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular deaths in dementia patients with atrial fibrillation.
| Variables | Non-AF history (N = 6,716) |
With AF history (N = 1,679) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multivariable model: Hazard ratio (95% CI)* |
P-value | Multivariable model: Hazard ratio (95% CI)* |
P-value | |
| Age at baseline (years) | 1.120 (1.107–1.133) | <0.001 | 1.161 (1.137–1.191) | <0.001 |
| Sex: male | 1.439 (1.040–1.992) | 0.028 | 1.943 (1.145–3.297) | 0.014 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc | 1.366 (1.021–1.828) | 0.036 | 1.784 (1.132–2.810) | 0.013 |
| AF duration (years) | Na | Na | 1.020 (0.990–1.051) | 0.18 |
| Underlying diseases | ||||
| Hypertension | 1.486 (1.068–2.066) | 0.019 | 1.116 (0.857–1.398) | 0.28 |
| Congestive heart failure | 0.624 (0.343–1.134) | 0.12 | 1.313 (1.145–1.505) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.541 (1.071–2.217) | 0.020 | 0.615 (0.316–1.198) | 0.15 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0.903 (0.529–1.542) | 0.71 | 1.000 (0.515–1.943) | >0.99 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 0.690 (0.472–1.008) | 0.06 | 1.047 (0.681–1.611) | 0.83 |
| Prior stroke | 0.727 (0.400–1.322) | 0.30 | 1.473 (1.288–1.719) | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.477 (0.064–3.546) | 0.47 | 1.297 (0.981–2.111) | 0.15 |
| Receiving AF ablation | Na | Na | 0.847 (0.445–1.613) | 0.61 |
| Medication uses | ||||
| Anti-arrhythmic drugs | 1.019 (0.727–1.427) | 0.91 | 0.893 (0.649–0.998) | 0.043 |
| Beta-blocks | 1.112 (0.948–1.305) | 0.19 | 1.114 (0.841–1.475) | 0.45 |
| Novel oral anticoagulants | 1.213 (0.980–1.823) | 0.13 | 1.272 (0.949–1.705) | 0.11 |
| Warfarin | 1.461 (1.065–2.005) | 0.019 | 1.370 (0.997–1.764) | 0.08 |
AF, atrial fibrillation; CI, confidence interval; N, number; Na, not available; SHR, sub-distributional hazard ratio.
For estimating the SHR, competing risk of cardiovascular death was evaluated using Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model: Non-death (no death event: 0) vs. cardiovascular deaths (main event: 1) vs. non-cardiovascular deaths (other death event: 2).*Multivariable adjustment in the full model, including: age, sex, CHA2DS2-VASc, AF duration (years), underlying diseases provided in this table, status of AF ablation, and medication uses of beta-blockers, antiarrhythmic drugs, novel oral anticoagulants, and warfarin.