Fig. 1.

Updated food system disruption analysis. This is an adaptation of the simplified “fault tree” that appears in the Baltimore Food System Resilience Advisory Report (Biehl et al., 2017). A more technical version with detailed sub-trees can be found in Chodur et al., (2018). This food system disruption analysis illustrates connections between system disruptions and their contributing causes; events lower on the tree can lead to events higher on the tree. For example, a disruption to food production could lead to a supply chain failure that makes food unavailable, ultimately contributing to population-level food insecurity. There are also connections between the “branches” of the tree, detailed in the text. In this figure, the peripheral boxes describe the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, and conflict on food security in Honduras from 2020 to 2022; these are a selection of illustrative examples described more fully in the text.