Table 1.
Most of the variables that differ between the two groups in the MIMIC-IV set.
| Variable | All (n = 16,154) | Alive group (n = 12,836) | Death group (n = 3,318) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 16,154 | 12,836 | 3,318 | ||
| Charlson Index, median [Q1,Q3] | 6.0 [4.0,8.0] | 6.0 [4.0,8.0] | 7.0 [5.0,9.0] | <0.001 | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 67.7 (15.2) | 67.1 (15.2) | 70.3 (14.8) | <0.001 | |
| Gender, n (%) | F | 6,836 (42.3) | 5,362 (41.8) | 1,474 (44.4) | 0.006 |
| M | 9,318 (57.7) | 7,474 (58.2) | 1,844 (55.6) | ||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | Asian | 377 (2.3) | 294 (2.3) | 83 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| Black | 1,733 (10.7) | 1,421 (11.1) | 312 (9.4) | ||
| Hispanic | 538 (3.3) | 443 (3.5) | 95 (2.9) | ||
| Other | 2,586 (16.0) | 1,839 (14.3) | 747 (22.5) | ||
| White | 10,920 (67.6) | 8,839 (68.9) | 2,081 (62.7) | ||
| Liver disease, n (%) | 3,253 (20.1) | 2,096 (16.3) | 1,157 (34.9) | <0.001 | |
| Stroke, n (%) | 1,014 (6.3) | 666 (5.2) | 348 (10.5) | <0.001 | |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 30.9 (8.8) | 31.2 (8.7) | 29.5 (8.7) | <0.001 | |
| SAPS-II, median [Q1,Q3] | 42.0 [34.0,52.0] | 40.0 [32.0,49.0] | 54.0 [44.0,66.0] | <0.001 | |
| SOFA, median [Q1,Q3] | 6.0 [4.0,9.0] | 5.0 [4.0,8.0] | 9.0 [6.0,12.0] | <0.001 | |
| GCS, median [Q1,Q3] | 15.0 [13.0,15.0] | 15.0 [13.0,15.0] | 15.0 [12.0,15.0] | <0.001 | |
| Heart rate max, mean (SD) | 106.1 (21.6) | 104.3 (20.5) | 113.0 (23.9) | <0.001 | |
| Heart rate min, mean (SD) | 72.0 (15.9) | 71.3 (15.0) | 74.6 (18.9) | <0.001 | |
| Respiratory rate max, mean (SD) | 28.7 (6.7) | 28.1 (6.4) | 30.7 (7.1) | <0.001 | |
| Respiratory rate min, mean (SD) | 12.5 (3.9) | 12.2 (3.7) | 13.4 (4.5) | <0.001 | |
| MBP max, mean (SD) | 105.0 (28.7) | 104.7 (27.3) | 106.3 (33.6) | 0.016 | |
| MBP min, mean (SD) | 54.6 (13.4) | 55.9 (12.5) | 49.7 (15.3) | <0.001 | |
| SBP max, mean (SD) | 146.4 (23.9) | 147.2 (23.3) | 143.4 (25.7) | <0.001 | |
| SBP min, mean (SD) | 85.9 (16.4) | 87.6 (15.4) | 79.2 (18.3) | <0.001 | |
| PaO2 max, median [Q1,Q3] | 174.0 [104.0,321.0] | 188.0 [109.0,343.0] | 144.0 [94.0,227.0] | <0.001 | |
| PaO2 min, median [Q1,Q3] | 84.0 [65.0,111.0] | 87.0 [68.0,115.0] | 73.0 [56.0,96.0] | <0.001 | |
| SpO2 max, median [Q1,Q3] | 100.0 [100.0,100.0] | 100.0 [100.0,100.0] | 100.0 [100.0,100.0] | <0.001 | |
| SpO2 min, median [Q1,Q3] | 92.0 [90.0,95.0] | 93.0 [90.0,95.0] | 91.0 [86.0,94.0] | <0.001 | |
| Temperature max, mean (SD) | 37.5 (0.8) | 37.5 (0.8) | 37.4 (1.0) | <0.001 | |
| Temperature min, mean (SD) | 36.2 (0.8) | 36.3 (0.7) | 36.0 (1.1) | <0.001 | |
| AST max, median [Q1,Q3] | 54.0 [28.0,161.0] | 47.0 [26.0,121.0] | 91.0 [37.0,345.0] | <0.001 | |
| AST min, median [Q1,Q3] | 48.0 [26.0,123.0] | 42.0 [24.0,97.0] | 72.0 [32.0,217.0] | <0.001 | |
| PTT max, median [Q1,Q3] | 34.4 [29.3,46.4] | 33.4 [28.8,42.7] | 40.9 [31.7,64.5] | <0.001 | |
| PTT min, median [Q1,Q3] | 30.7 [27.1,36.7] | 30.0 [26.8,35.1] | 34.4 [28.8,43.6] | <0.001 | |
| Platelet max, median [Q1,Q3] | 189.0 [135.0,257.0] | 190.0 [139.0,255.0] | 183.0 [114.0,268.0] | <0.001 | |
| Platelet min, median [Q1,Q3] | 160.0 [107.0,226.0] | 162.0 [112.0,226.0] | 151.0 [84.0,228.0] | <0.001 | |
| RBC max, mean (SD) | 3.6 (0.7) | 3.6 (0.7) | 3.5 (0.8) | <0.001 | |
| RBC min, mean (SD) | 3.2 (0.7) | 3.3 (0.7) | 3.2 (0.8) | <0.001 | |
| WBC max, median [Q1,Q3] | 13.5 [9.5,18.6] | 13.2 [9.4,18.0] | 15.0 [10.0,21.2] | <0.001 | |
| WBC min, median [Q1,Q3] | 10.4 [7.3,14.5] | 10.2 [7.2,13.8] | 11.7 [7.4,17.0] | <0.001 | |
| RDW max, mean (SD) | 15.9 (2.5) | 15.6 (2.4) | 16.9 (2.8) | <0.001 | |
| RDW min, mean (SD) | 15.5 (2.4) | 15.3 (2.3) | 16.5 (2.7) | <0.001 | |
| Glucose max, median [Q1,Q3] | 143.0 [115.0,194.0] | 140.0 [114.0,186.0] | 162.0 [122.0,225.2] | <0.001 | |
| Glucose min, median [Q1,Q3] | 115.0 [95.0,141.0] | 115.0 [96.0,139.0] | 114.0 [88.0,148.0] | 0.017 | |
| Lactate max, median [Q1,Q3] | 2.3 [1.5,3.8] | 2.2 [1.5,3.3] | 3.5 [1.9,7.2] | <0.001 | |
| Lactate min, median [Q1,Q3] | 1.6 [1.2,2.3] | 1.5 [1.1,2.1] | 2.2 [1.4,3.8] | <0.001 | |
| BUN max, median [Q1,Q3] | 27.0 [18.0,45.0] | 25.0 [17.0,41.0] | 38.0 [25.0,58.0] | <0.001 | |
| BUN min, median [Q1,Q3] | 23.0 [15.0,39.0] | 22.0 [15.0,35.0] | 32.0 [21.0,52.0] | <0.001 | |
| Creatinine max, median [Q1,Q3] | 1.4 [0.9,2.5] | 1.3 [0.9,2.2] | 1.9 [1.2,3.1] | <0.001 | |
| Creatinine min, median [Q1,Q3] | 1.2 [0.8,2.1] | 1.1 [0.8,1.9] | 1.6 [1.0,2.6] | <0.001 | |
| Urine output, median [Q1,Q3] | 1,040.0 [537.0,1,665.0] | 1,150.0 [675.0,1,760.0] | 605.0 [186.0,1,110.0] | <0.001 | |
| RRT, n (%) | 1,633 (10.1) | 1,135 (8.8) | 498 (15.0) | <0.001 | |
| IMV, n (%) | 9,518 (58.9) | 7,398 (57.6) | 2,120 (63.9) | <0.001 | |
| Vasopressor support, n (%) | 5,912 (36.6) | 3,942 (30.7) | 1,970 (59.4) | <0.001 | |
| Rate of norepinephrine, median [Q1,Q3] | 0.0 [0.0,0.1] | 0.0 [0.0,0.0] | 0.1 [0.0,0.4] | <0.001 | |
| IMV durations, median [Q1,Q3] | 0.4 [0.0,2.6] | 0.2 [0.0,1.9] | 1.6 [0.0,5.1] | <0.001 | |
| Hospital mortality, n (%) | 3,318 (20.5) | 0(0.0) | 3,318 (100.0) | <0.001 | |
| Length of ICU stay, median [Q1,Q3] | 3.0 [1.7,6.0] | 2.9 [1.7,5.6] | 3.7 [1.7,7.5] | <0.001 | |
| Length of hospital stay, median [Q1,Q3] | 8.7 [5.2,15.1] | 9.1 [5.8,15.7] | 6.3 [2.4,13.3] | <0.001 |
SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; SAPS-II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; MBP, mean blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; PaO2, partial pressure of oxygen; SpO2, saturation of pulse oxygen; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; PTT, partial thromboplastin time; RBC, red blood cell; WBC, white blood cell; RDW, red blood cell volume distribution width; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; RRT, renal replacement therapy; IMV, intermittent mandatory ventilation; ICU, intensive care unit.