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. 2022 Dec 2;600(24):5311–5332. doi: 10.1113/JP283789

Figure 1. Optogenetic dSC stimulation causes orienting and circling behaviours in awake rats.

Figure 1

A1, distribution of ChR2‐YFP fluorescence in a representative experiment and (A2) normalized ChR2‐YFP distribution from 16 animals. Optogenetic stimulation of this region evoked contraversive orienting: Panel B depicts movements evoked by moderate‐intensity cl‐dSC stimulation in a typical experiment. B1, an annotated video frame captured after 1 s of stimulation; head position in preceding frames is indicated by arrows drawn between the optical fibre and tip of the nose in grey (baseline) and magenta (stimulation). B2 and 3, head angle and angular velocity during the same experiment. C, behavioural effects of sustained cl‐dSC stimulation in rats injected with ChR2 and control vectors. Incidence of contraversive circling (C1) and distanced travelled (C2) during 10 min 1 Hz cl‐dSC stimulation in ChR2‐treated and control rats. **P < 0.01 paired t test, ####interaction P < 0.0001, two‐way repeated measures ANOVA. Error bars indicate standard deviation from the mean throughout. [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]