Fig. 6.

Sialic acid potentiates the activation of the TLR4-NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways caused by antibiotic in the mammary gland and colon. The protein levels of TLR4-NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways in mammary (A) and colonic (H) tissues from the indicated groups were determined by western blotting. The relative intensities of TLR4, p-p65, p-IκB, NLRP3, ASC, and IL-1β in the mammary gland (B–G) and colon (I–N) were determined (n = 4). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (B–G and I–N) and one-way ANOVA was performed, followed by Tukey test (B–G and I–N). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 indicate significance