TABLE 1.

Clinical states affecting erythrocyte turnover and their effects on HbA1c

Increased erythrocyte turnover resulting in lower HbA1c	Reduced erythrocyte turnover resulting in higher HbA1c
Recovery from iron, vitamin B12, and folate deficiency Pregnancy: second trimester Chronic kidney disease: Erythropoietin treatment and dialysis Acute blood loss Hemolysis (e.g., Sickle cell trait/disease, thalassemia, G6PD) Cystic fibrosis Chemotherapy	Iron, vitamin B12, and folate deficiency Pregnancy: third trimester Chronic kidney disease: uremia