Item	Number of countries from item	Number of countries (cumulative)
Total number of countries after merging all datasets and deleting countries not present in all datasets	183	183
Countries taken out because not all years present in a dataset	8 (Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Yemen, Syria, Lybia, Iraq, South Sudan, Timor‐Leste)	175
Country missing outcome (life expectancy or maternal mortality) for at least 1 year	6 (Andorra, Dominica, Marshall Islands, Palau, San Marino, St. Kitts and Nevis)	169
Countries missing GHED data for at least 1 year	3 (Greece, Saudi Arabia, Albania)	166
Countries taken out because population <500.000 people in at least one period	18 (Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Cabo Verde, Grenada, Iceland, Kiribati, Luxembourg, Maldives, Malta, Micronesia, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, St. Lucia, Suriname, Tonga, Vanuatu)	147
Countries missing control variables	23 (United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Bosnia Herzegovina, Cuba, Djibouti, Eritrea, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Japan, Cambodia, Kuwait, Lebanon, Myanmar, Namibia, New Zealand, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Qatar, Singapore, Turkmenistan, Trinidad and Tobago)	124
Total countries in study		124

Note: The table describes the sample construction.

Source: Author elaboration.