Switch	Full sample (in italic, countries with missing controls data)
OOP ↔ SHI	8 switches, 7 countries (Argentina 2, Bulgaria 1, China 1, Moldova 1, Russia 1, Uruguay 1, USA 1) 7 switches from OOP to SHI, 1 switch from SHI to OOP
OOP ↔ GOV	46 switches, 30 countries (Angola 2, Burundi 3, Bulgaria, 1 Bolivia 1, Brazil 1, DRC 2, Rep of Congo 2, Djibouti 1, Ethiopia 3, Gambia 1, Gabon 3, Guinea‐Bissau 1, Guyana 2, Jordan 2, Kazakhstan 1, Kenya 1, Sri Lanka 1, Latvia 1, Madagascar 1, Mongolia 1, Mauritius 1, Malaysia 1, Panama 1, Rwanda 1, Tanzania 3, Trinidad & Tobago 1, Ukraine 2, Venezuela 2, Zambia 2) 28 switches from OOP to GOV 18 switches from GOV to OOP
SHI ↔ GOV	0

Note: The table lists all the switches from OOP predominant HFS to SHI or GOV (government financing) predominant HFS.

Source: Authors' elaboration.