| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Log THE per capita | Imm, index | LE | Log U5M | Log MM | CHE10 | |
| Variables | FE | FE | FE | FE | FE | FE |
| Predominant government financing | 0.043 | 3.804 | 1.341** | −0.083** | −0.040 | −3.256*** |
| (0.041) | (2.921) | (0.579) | (0.036) | (0.040) | (0.931) | |
| Predominant SHI | 0.117*** | −1.486 | −0.128 | 0.051 | 0.034 | 6.467*** |
| (0.035) | (1.606) | (0.395) | (0.037) | (0.067) | (1.129) | |
| Log GDP per capita (PPP) | 0.698*** | 3.591 | 1.038 | −0.315*** | −0.515*** | 1.230 |
| (0.093) | (3.776) | (0.643) | (0.097) | (0.178) | (2.073) | |
| Corruption control | 0.099** | 3.783* | −0.087 | −0.058 | 0.029 | 2.662** |
| (0.041) | (2.225) | (0.577) | (0.043) | (0.079) | (1.140) | |
| Government effectiveness | 0.030 | −1.636 | 0.125 | −0.088** | −0.041 | 1.968 |
| (0.044) | (1.874) | (0.350) | (0.038) | (0.068) | (2.521) | |
| % of population above 65 | 0.000 | −0.389 | −0.263* | 0.022* | 0.049 | −0.020 |
| (0.019) | (0.954) | (0.156) | (0.013) | (0.035) | (0.453) | |
| % population below 14 | −0.017* | 0.645** | 0.335*** | −0.029*** | −0.035** | 0.224 |
| (0.009) | (0.321) | (0.074) | (0.008) | (0.016) | (0.235) | |
| Urbanization (%) | −0.009 | 0.364** | 0.073 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.175 |
| (0.006) | (0.164) | (0.055) | (0.006) | (0.013) | (0.176) | |
| Access to drinking water (% population) | −0.003 | 0.474 | 0.150*** | −0.007 | 0.002 | 0.074 |
| (0.005) | (0.298) | (0.042) | (0.004) | (0.012) | (0.080) | |
| Enrollment to primary school (gross, % population | −0.002 | 0.035 | 0.019 | 0.002 | −0.001 | −0.080* |
| (0.002) | (0.075) | (0.017) | (0.001) | (0.002) | (0.040) | |
| Gini index | 0.005 | 0.259* | −0.009 | 0.004 | 0.006 | 0.018 |
| (0.004) | (0.152) | (0.035) | (0.003) | (0.004) | (0.099) | |
| Country FE | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Year FE | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Adjusted R2 | 0.869 | 0.177 | 0.752 | 0.879 | 0.646 | 0.224 |
| Observations | 950 | 970 | 970 | 970 | 970 | 407 |
| Number of countries | 124 | 124 | 124 | 124 | 124 | 111 |
Notes: FE estimates are the result of Equation (1). Robust SEs, clustered at country‐level, in parentheses. Details on HFS switches are detailed in Appendix 3. All models control for all variables listed as “control” in Table 2. p‐values for two‐sided t‐tests are reported as: ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1.
Source: Author elaboration.