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. 2023 Jan 12;43(5):694–711. doi: 10.1177/0271678X221135419

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

An enriched environment (EE) improves spatial learning and memory function in mice after ICH. (a) Swimming trajectories of mice from each group in the Morris water maze (MWM) test on day 28. (b) In the MWM test, EE exposure decreased escape latency on days 26, 27, and 28 compared to standard environment (SE) exposure; n = 9–10 mice/group, *p < 0.05 vs. sham group, #p < 0.05 vs. ICH + SE group (repeated measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test). (c) Exposure to EE did not affect the mean swim speed of the mice in the MWM test on days 25, 26, 27, or 28. P > 0.05 vs. the ICH + SE group (repeated measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test, F = 1.373). (d) Mice in the ICH + EE group crossed the target platform more than mice in the ICH + SE group on day 28. n = 9 mice/group. *p < 0.05 vs. sham group; #p < 0.05 vs. ICH + SE group (one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test) and (e) In the novel object recognition (NOR) test, mice in the ICH + EE group spent more time exploring the novel object than mice in the ICH + SE group. n = 7 mice/group. **p < 0.01 vs. sham group; #p < 0.05 vs. ICH + SE group (one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test). (f) Exposure to an EE increased the discrimination index in the NOR test compared to exposure to an SE. n = 7 mice/group. **p < 0.01 vs. sham group; ##p < 0.01 vs. ICH + SE group (one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test). Values are mean ± SD.