Fig. 1.

Comparison of the new strategy with the classical scheme. Gut microbial- and hepatic-biotransformation analyses are performed before the target prediction of herbal products. Next, the ASIV targets after biotransformation are intersected with that of ICH. Then, GO and KEGG analyses enrich the related biological processes. At last, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and cell and animal experiments confirm the transformation-added targets and pathways. ASIV Astragaloside IV, ICH intracerebral hemorrhage. Solid circle: intersected; hollow circle: not intersected