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. 2023 Apr 17;18:40. doi: 10.1186/s13020-023-00745-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 8 — The effects of orally administrated ASIV on microglia/macrophage proliferation, migration, and chemokine secretion after ICH. A Flow chart of the animal experiments. B H&E staining suggests that ASIV alleviates brain disorganization and inflammatory cell infiltration. C The statistic graph of Iba1 immunofluorescent suggests that ASIV dose-dependently reduces the number of perihematomal microglia/macrophages. D The statistic graph of Iba1 and PCNA double staining suggests that ASIV reduces the number of proliferating microglia/macrophage (green cells encircles red nuclei). E The representative images of Iba1 (green) and PCNA (red) immunofluorescent. F The representative images of Iba1 (green) and TNF-α (red) double staining indicate that TNF-α is predominantly expressed by microglia/macrophage. G The statistical graph of TNF-α immunofluorescent suggests that a high dose of ASIV declines TNF-α production. Dashed line: hematoma (B, E, F). Data are expressed as mean ± SD, n = 5. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. Scale bar = 50 μm