Table II.
Results for varus-valgus and internal-external rotation, and mediolateral, anteroposterior, and compression-distraction translation with varus < 0, valgus > 0, external < 0, internal > 0, lateral < 0, medial > 0, anterior < 0, posterior > 0, compression < 0, and distraction > 0.
| Variable | Mean (SD) | p-value* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stance | Swing | Native | BCS | ||||||
| WA | CL | WA | CL | Swing | WA | CL | Swing | ||
| VV rotation, ° | |||||||||
| Native (n = 20) | -1.2 (0.3) | -2.6 (0.8) | -2.7 (1.4) | - | - | - | |||
| BCS (n = 10) | -2.9 (0.3) | -6.5 (1.1) | -5.8 (1.8) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | - | - | - |
| BCR (n = 10) | -0.2 (0.2) | -1.3 (0.9) | -1.3 (1.3) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
| IE rotation, ° | |||||||||
| Native (n = 20) | -1.6 (2.0) | -8.0 (1.6) | -0.1 (5.6) | - | - | - | |||
| BCS (n = 10) | 0.1 (0.9) | -5.9 (1.9) | -1.6 (4.8) | 0.003 | < 0.05 | 0.029 | - | - | - |
| BCR (n = 10) | -2.1 (1.1) | -7.5 (1.6) | -1.2 (4.7) | 0.465 | 0.3478 | 0.066 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | 0.084 |
| Medial ML, (mm) | |||||||||
| Native (n = 20) | 5.2 (0.4) | 3.2 (0.7) | 3.4 (1.3) | - | - | - | |||
| BCS (n = 10) | 0.5 (0.6) | -0.4 (0.9) | -0.7 (0.8) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | - | - | - |
| BCR (n = 10) | 6.1 (0.3) | 5.0 (0.8) | 5.1 (1.1) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
| Lateral ML, (mm) | |||||||||
| Native (n = 20) | -0.1 (0.5) | -2.4 (0.8) | -2.0 (1.4) | - | - | - | |||
| BCS (n = 10) | -4.8 (0.6) | -6.0 (0.9) | -6.2 (0.8) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | - | - | - |
| BCR (n = 10) | 1.2 (0.3) | -0.4 (0.8) | -0.2 (1.2) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
| Medial AP, (mm) | |||||||||
| Native (n = 20) | 5.0 (0.9) | 3.0 (1.5) | 2.6 (2.9) | - | - | - | |||
| BCS (n = 10) | 5.7 (1.3) | 3.0 (2.5) | 0.3 (3.3) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | - | - | - |
| BCR (n = 10) | 3.6 (1.1) | 4.2 (2.0) | 2.9 (3.2) | < 0.05 | 0.069 | 0.064 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
| Lateral AP, (mm) | |||||||||
| Native (n = 20) | 6.8 (2.4) | 11.5 (1.6) | 4.1 (5.4) | - | - | - | |||
| BCS (n = 10) | 6.3 (1.9) | 10.0 (1.8) | 3.2 (5.4) | 0.0186 | < 0.05 | 0.001 | - | - | - |
| BCR (n = 10) | 6.0 (1.9) | 12.3 (2.4) | 5.3 (5.0) | 0.068 | 0.061 | 0.081 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
| Medial CD, (mm) | |||||||||
| Native (n = 20) | 25.5 (0.2) | 24.5 (1.0) | 24.9 (1.6) | - | - | - | |||
| BCS (n = 10) | 25.2 (0.3) | 21.0 (1.5) | 22.5 (2.3) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | 0.0641 | - | - | - |
| BCR (n = 10) | 25.1 (0.3) | 23.4 (1.3) | 24.2 (2.1) | < 0.05 | 0.339 | 0.113 | 0.005 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
| Lateral CD, (mm) | |||||||||
| Native (n = 20) | 24.4 (0.4) | 23.5 (1.0) | 24.5 (1.7) | - | - | - | |||
| BCS (n = 10) | 27.2 (0.4) | 24.7 (1.3) | 26.0 (2.3) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | - | - | - |
| BCR (n = 10) | 25.1 (0.3) | 22.7 (1.3) | 24.1 (2.3) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | 0.748 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
*
Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
AP, anteroposterior; BCR, bi-cruciate retaining; BCS, bi-cruciate stabilized; CD, compression-distraction; CL, controlled lowering phase; IE, internal-external; ML, mediolateral; SD, standard deviation; VV, varus-valgus; WA, weight acceptance phase.