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. 2023 Apr 13;15:589–598. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S399085

Table 3.

Association Between the Presence of Adverse Neonatal Outcomes and HSI Status (Elevated >36 Vs Non-Elevated ≤36)

Adverse Neonatal Outcomes Unadjusted OR (95% CI) p-value Adjusted ORa (95% CI) p-value
Pre-term birth 1.474 (0.975–2.230) 0.05 1.318 (0.761–2.283) 0.32
SGA 1.408 (0.991–2.002) 0.06 1.334 (0.935–1.904) 0.11
LGA 0.980 (0.707–1.359) 0.61 0.918 (0.658–1.279) 0.61
Neonatal hypoglycemia 2.802 (1.419–5.536) < 0.01 1.835 (0.910–3.699) 0.09
Admission to neonatal HDU 1.499 (1.110–2.023) 0.01 1.008 (0.664–1.532) 0.97
Compositeb 1.277 (1.032–1.581) 0.02 1.165 (0.935–1.451) 0.17

Notes: Bold text indicates significance at the p<0.05 level. aAdjusted for maternal age, ethnicity, pre-pregnancy BMI, primiparous status, smoking, GDM, IOL, cesarean delivery and whether liver enzymes were collected during pregnancy. bComposite adverse neonatal outcomes include one or more of pre-term birth, SGA, LGA, neonatal hypoglycemia or admission to neonatal HDU.

Abbreviations: HSI, hepatic steatosis index; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence intervals; SGA, small-for-gestational age; LGA, large-for-gestational age; HDU, high dependency unit; BMI, body mass index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IOL, induction of labor.