Table 1.

Characteristics of credible quality indicators

Characteristic	Operationalization
Certainty in the evidence	High certainty in the quality indicator (evidence supporting it is at low risk of bias, precise, direct = relevant, consistent and without publication bias), also described as “scientifically sound”
Measuring change	Responsive or sensitive to change (may also be considered under risk of bias)
Feasibility	Feasible to measure, implement and monitor