Table II.
Association of risk factors separately and jointly for incident asthma and COPD
| Covariate | Asthma |
COPD |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariable |
Multivariable |
Univariable |
Multivariable |
|||||
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Sex: male | 0.71 (0.49-1.03) | .07 | 0.67 (0.46-0.97) | .03 | 2.19 (1.25-3.82) | .01 | 1.35 (0.76-2.4) | .31 |
| Baseline age (y) | 0.99 (0.98-1.01) | .28 | 1.00 (0.98-1.01) | .75 | 1.07 (1.04-1.1) | <.001 | 1.1 (1.07-1.13) | <.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1.02 (0.99-1.06) | .22 | 1.03 (0.99-1.07) | .13 | 1.02 (0.97-1.08) | .48 | 0.99 (0.92-1.06) | .8 |
| Smoking (yes) | 2.21 (1.53-3.2) | <.001 | 2.06 (1.4-3.03) | <.001 | 8.16 (4.55-14.64) | <.001 | 11.07 (5.81-21.09) | <.001 |
| Gut microbiome | 1.44 (1.23-1.67) | <.001 | 1.34 (1.15-1.57) | <.001 | 1.39 (1.3-1.49) | <.001 | 1.18 (1.08-1.29) | <.001 |
Gut microbiome score is represented as microbiome-based predictions per SD. All analyses were performed in the validation set.