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Presurgical exposure to chronic unpredictable stress reduced protein kinase A (PKA) expression in the L4/5 dorsal horn (A), L4/5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) (B), amygdala (C), anterior cingulate cortex (D), and insular cortex (E) on day 11 after surgery. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. **P < .01, ***P < .001 vs the corresponding incision plus control group (n = 10/group).
